0-9
- -anonymity
- KA privacy protection model ensuring that data can’t be traced back to fewer than k individuals.
A
- AES (Advanced Encryption Standard)
- A symmetric encryption standard used to secure data.
- API Abuse
- Exploiting weaknesses in application programming interfaces.
- API Security
- Protecting application programming interfaces from exploitation.
- APT (Advanced Persistent Threat)
- A prolonged, targeted cyberattack aimed at compromising data.
- Access Control
- Restricting access to resources to authorized users only
- Access Control List (ACL)
- A set of rules that specifies which users or system processes are granted access to resources
- Access Management
- Procedures and technologies to manage who can access organizational resources.
- Access Monitoring
- Continuous observation of who accesses systems and data.
- Access Recertification
- Periodic review of user access to ensure compliance with policies.
- Access Rights Review
- Regularly evaluating user permissions to ensure appropriate access levels.
- Access Token Theft
- Stealing authentication tokens to gain unauthorized access.
- Access Violation Monitoring
- Detecting and reporting unauthorized attempts to access resources.
- Account Compromise
- Unauthorized access to user accounts for malicious purposes.
- Account Privilege Escalation
- Gaining higher access levels than authorized within a system.
- Account Takeover (ATO)
- Unauthorized access and misuse of user accounts.
- Active Content Filtering
- Blocking potentially harmful scripts or code in web content.
- Active Deception
- Using decoys or fake assets to mislead attackers.
- Active Directory Attacks
- Targeting Microsoft’s directory service for unauthorized access.
- Active Directory Security
- Protecting the Windows Active Directory service, which manages user access to resources.
- Active Network Scanning
- Probing systems and devices for vulnerabilities or open ports.
- Active Reconnaissance
- Gathering information about a target through direct interaction, like scanning or probing.
- Active Script Blocking
- Preventing malicious scripts from executing on web pages.
- Active Session Hijacking
- Taking control of a user’s active session to access resources.
- Active Threat Hunting
- Proactively searching for threats within an organization’s network.
- Active Threat Simulation
- Simulating live threats to evaluate security posture.
- Activity Correlation
- Analyzing logs and activities across systems to detect patterns of malicious behavior.
- Adaptive Authentication
- A method that adjusts security requirements based on the user’s behavior and context
- Adaptive Encryption
- Dynamically adjusting encryption levels based on risk or sensitivity.
- Adaptive Intrusion Detection
- Dynamic detection of threats based on evolving patterns.
- Adaptive Learning
- Security systems that evolve based on new data and threat patterns.
- Adaptive Load Balancing
- Dynamically distributing workloads to prevent overloads and improve security.
- Adaptive Multi-Factor Authentication
- Adjusting MFA requirements based on user behavior or location.
- Adaptive Security
- Dynamic security measures responding to evolving threats.
- Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)
- A protocol used to map IP addresses to MAC addresses, vulnerable to ARP spoofing.
- Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR)
- A security mechanism that randomizes memory locations to thwart buffer overflow attacks.
- Advanced Analytics
- Using sophisticated data analysis methods for threat detection.
- Advanced Malware
- Sophisticated malicious software designed to evade detection and cause significant harm.
- Advanced Malware Removal
- Techniques to identify and eliminate sophisticated malware.
- Advanced Persistent Threat (APT)
- A prolonged and targeted cyberattack that usually involves sophisticated methods.
- Advanced Persistent Threat (APT)
- A prolonged and targeted cyberattack in which an intruder gains access to a network and remains undetected for an extended period.
- Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs)
- Prolonged, targeted cyberattacks by well-funded actors.
- Advanced Threat Protection (ATP)
- Security solutions designed to defend against sophisticated attacks.
- Adversarial AI
- Manipulating artificial intelligence systems to misinterpret data.
- Adversary Emulation
- Simulating attacker tactics to test security defenses.
- Adversary Emulation
- Simulating real-world attacker tactics, techniques, and procedures (TTPs) to test and improve an organization’s defenses.
- Adversary Playbook
- Documented methods and tactics commonly used by attackers.
- Adversary Simulation
- Replicating the tactics of attackers to test defenses.
- Air Gap
- A physical security measure to isolate systems from unsecured networks
- Air Gap Breach
- Circumventing physically isolated systems through covert methods.
- Air-Gapped Network
- A network that is physically isolated from other networks to enhance security.
- Air-Gapped Network
- A highly secure network isolated from external networks, often used in critical systems.
- Alert Prioritization
- Ranking security alerts by severity to focus on critical threats.
- Algorithm
- A process or set of rules to solve problems, especially in encryption
- An attack where attackers use automated methods to guessReputation Services login credentials remotely.Remote Login Brute Force
- Services that provide information about the reputation of IP addresses, websites, and files.
- Anomaly-Based Detection
- Identifying unusual patterns in network traffic or behavior that may indicate a threat.
- Anomaly-Based Firewall
- A firewall that monitors and blocks unusual traffic patterns.
- Anomaly-Based Monitoring
- Continuously observing for unusual activities in systems or networks.
- Anonymity Network
- Systems like Tor that provide anonymity for internet users.
- Anonymization
- The process of removing personally identifiable information from data.
- Anonymized Threat Data
- Sharing threat intelligence without exposing sensitive details.
- Anonymous Browsing
- Hiding a user’s identity and activity on the web.
- Anonymous File Sharing
- Transferring files over networks while masking user identity.
- Anonymous Proxy
- A tool that hides a user’s IP address to provide privacy.
- Anonymous Threat Actor
- An unidentified individual or group responsible for cyberattacks.
- Anti-Botnet Measures
- Strategies to identify and disable botnet activities.
- Anti-Exploit Software
- Tools designed to protect against exploitation of vulnerabilities.
- Anti-Forensics
- Techniques used by attackers to evade detection or hinder investigations.
- Anti-Keylogger
- Software designed to detect and block keylogging programs.
- Anti-Phishing:
- Tools and techniques designed to prevent phishing attacks.
- Anti-Rootkit
- Software that detects and removes rootkits, which are malicious tools designed to gain unauthorized root access.
- Anti-Spyware
- Software designed to detect and remove spyware, which collects information without user consent.
- Anti-Virus
- Software that detects, prevents, and removes malicious software.
- Application Data Leakage
- Unauthorized exposure of sensitive data from applications.
- Application Firewall Bypass
- Techniques attackers use to evade application-level defenses.
- Application Fraud Detection
- Identifying fraudulent activities in applications or transactions.
- Application Gateway
- A firewall or proxy server that provides security by filtering application-level traffic.
- Application Gateway Firewall
- A firewall that filters traffic at the application layer.
- Application Hardening
- Techniques to make applications more resistant to attacks.
- Application Layer
- The top layer in the OSI model, often targeted in web-based attacks.
- Application Misconfiguration
- Security risks caused by improper application settings.
- Application Privilege Management
- Controlling the privileges of applications to reduce risks.
- Application Risk Scoring
- Assigning risk levels to applications based on their vulnerabilities.
- Application Security
- The process of finding and fixing vulnerabilities in software applications.
- Application Security Testing
- Examining applications for security vulnerabilities.
- Application Spoofing
- Mimicking legitimate applications to trick users into divulging sensitive information.
- Artificial Intelligence in Cybersecurity
- Using AI algorithms for threat detection, prediction, and mitigation.
- Artificial Intelligence in Security
- Using AI to enhance threat detection and response.
- Assessing risk based on numerical values, such as cost or fQuorumrequency.Quantitative Risk Analysis
- The minimum number of members required for decisions, applied in some security protocols.
- Asset Classification
- Categorizing organizational assets based on their importance and sensitivity.
- Asset Discovery
- The process of identifying and inventorying all assets within a network for security purposes.
- Asset Inventory
- Cataloging all devices, software, and data for better security management.
- Asset Management
- Tracking and managing an organization’s IT assets.
- Asset Risk Assessment
- Evaluating the potential risks associated with specific organizational assets.
- Asymmetric Encryption
- An encryption method using a pair of public and private keys.
- Asynchronous Attack
- An attack method involving delayed or indirect malicious actions.
- Asynchronous Cryptography
- Encryption methods that don’t require simultaneous key exchange.
- Attack Attribution
- Identifying the source or actor responsible for a cyberattack.
- Attack Chains
- Sequences of actions taken by attackers to compromise systems.
- Attack Detection System
- Tools and strategies designed to identify potential or ongoing cyberattacks.
- Attack Graph Analysis
- Visualizing and analyzing potential attack paths in a network.
- Attack Mitigation
- Measures taken to reduce the impact of a security breach or attack.
- Attack Surface Analysis
- Assessing all points where a system can be attacked.
- Attack Surface Reduction
- Minimizing the exploitable points in a system to decrease vulnerabilities.
- Attack Vector
- The method or path used by a hacker to gain access to a system.
- Attacker TTPs
- Techniques, tactics, and procedures used by adversaries to breach systems and networks.
- Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC)
- A method that restricts access based on attributes like role, time, or location.
- Attribute-Based Encryption
- Encrypting data based on user attributes like roles or locations.
- Audit Automation
- Using tools to streamline and manage audit processes.
- Audit Data Masking
- Protecting sensitive data in audit logs from exposure.
- Audit Log
- A record of activities within a system used for review and monitoring.
- Audit Logs
- Records of system events used for analysis and accountability.
- Auth Exploits
- OMisusing the OAuth protocol to gain unauthorized access.
- Auth Token Hijacking
- OStealing authentication tokens to impersonate users.
- Authentication
- Verifying the identity of a user or system.
- Authentication Factors
- Elements required to verify user identities (e.g., something you know, have, or are).
- Authentication Header (AH)
- A component of IPsec that provides data integrity and authentication for IP packets.
- Authentication Proxy
- A server that verifies user identity before granting access to resources.
- Authentication Spoofing
- Faking identity credentials to bypass authentication systems.
- Authentication Token
- A small device or software used to authenticate a user’s identity.
- Authorization Creep
- The gradual accumulation of unnecessary access rights by users over time.
- Automated Indicator Sharing (AIS)
- A program that facilitates the exchange of cybersecurity threat indicators between organizations.
- Automated Malware Analysis
- Using automated tools to study and understand malware behavior.
- Automated Patch Management
- Using tools to deploy security patches across systems automatically.
- Automated Response
- Systems programmed to respond to threats without human intervention.
- Automated Threat Analysis
- Using algorithms to identify and evaluate potential security threats.
- Automated Threat Sharing
- Exchanging threat intelligence among organizations in real time.
- alicious Actor
- MAn individual or group that deliberately attempts to exploit or harm a computer system, network, or data.
- alware Detection Toolkits
- MSoftware tools used to identify and analyze malicious software, such as antivirus programs and malware scanners.
- amespace Poisoning
- NManipulating namespace data to mislead or exploit systems.
B
- BGP Hijacking
- A method of rerouting internet traffic by corrupting routing tables.
- BYOD (Bring Your Own Device)
- Allowing employees to use personal devices for work purposes, introducing potential risks.
- Backdoor
- A secret way of bypassing normal authentication in a system.
- Backup
- Creating a copy of data for recovery in case of data loss.
- Backup Failure Recovery
- Strategies for handling failed backup processes.
- Backup File Encryption
- Encrypting backup files to enhance security.
- Baiting
- A social engineering technique where an attacker lures targets with the promise of a reward.
- Base64 Encoding
- A method of encoding binary data as ASCII text.
- Behavioral Biometrics Protection
- Safeguarding systems against spoofing of behavioral biometrics.
- Behavioral Phishing Detection
- Identifying phishing attempts based on unusual email patterns.
- Behavioral Signature Mapping
- Creating signatures based on observed behavior to detect threats.
- Binary Code
- The fundamental code consisting of 0s and 1s, important in understanding software vulnerabilities.
- Binary Compression Analysis
- Examining packed binaries for hidden malware.
- Binary Execution Control
- Restricting the execution of unauthorized binaries.
- Binary Exploitation
- Attacks exploiting vulnerabilities in binary code.
- Binary Fuzzing
- Testing binaries with random inputs to uncover vulnerabilities.
- Binary Translation Security
- Ensuring security during code translation in execution environments.
- Biometric Spoofing
- Attempting to bypass biometric authentication with fake samples.
- Biometrics
- A security technique using unique physical characteristics for authentication.
- BitLocker
- A Microsoft encryption feature that protects data by encrypting entire volumes.
- Black Hat
- A hacker who exploits vulnerabilities for malicious purposes.
- Block Cipher
- A method of encrypting text where a cryptographic key and algorithm are applied to a block of data.
- Blockchain
- A distributed ledger technology ensuring secure data integrity.
- Blockchain Forensics
- Tracing transactions and activities on blockchain networks.
- Blockchain Key Management
- Handling cryptographic keys securely in blockchain systems.
- Blue Team
- A group that defends against attacks, focusing on maintaining security.
- Bluejacking
- Sending unsolicited messages to Bluetooth-enabled devices.
- Bluetooth Attacks
- Exploiting vulnerabilities in Bluetooth connections.
- Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) Security
- Securing devices using BLE communication.
- Bot
- A device infected with malware that performs automated tasks.
- Bot Detection Frameworks
- Tools designed to identify and block automated threats.
- Bot Herder
- An individual controlling a botnet.
- Bot Lifecycle Analysis
- Studying the creation, use, and decommissioning of botnets.
- Botnet
- A network of compromised devices controlled remotely by attackers.
- Botnet Command and Control (C2)
- The infrastructure used to manage botnets.
- Botnet Controller
- A central server that coordinates the actions of a botnet.
- Botnet Disruption Techniques
- Methods to dismantle or weaken botnet operations.
- Breach Impact Mitigation
- Reducing the severity of data breaches through quick action.
- Breach Investigation
- Analyzing incidents to determine the cause and extent of breaches.
- Breach Notification
- A formal process for notifying affected parties about a data breach.
- Breach Notification Laws
- Regulations requiring organizations to disclose data breaches.
- Breach Response Playbook
- A pre-defined plan for handling security incidents.
- Broken Authentication
- Weak mechanisms that allow attackers to compromise accounts.
- Broken Session Management
- Flaws in session handling that allow unauthorized access.
- Browser Credential Stealing
- Exploiting browsers to harvest stored credentials.
- Browser Exploit Blocking
- Preventing exploitation of browser vulnerabilities.
- Browser Extension Auditing
- Reviewing browser add-ons for security risks.
- Browser Sandbox Security
- Isolating browser activities to reduce risk.
- Browser Security
- Protecting a web browser against threats such as malware and phishing.
- Brute Force Protection:
- Measures to defend against automated password-guessing attacks.
- Buffer Management
- Safeguarding memory buffers against overflows and underflows.
- Bug Bounty
- A program offering rewards to individuals for finding vulnerabilities in software.
- Business Asset Prioritization
- Ranking assets by their importance to security planning.
- Business Continuity Framework
- A comprehensive strategy for operational resilience.
- Business Email Compromise (BEC)
- A phishing attack targeting businesses to steal money or information.
- Business Impact Analysis (BIA)
- Assessing the effects of disruptions on business operations to prioritize responses.
- bject Identifier (OID)
- OA sequence of numbers that identifies a particular object or attribute in a directory.
C
- CISO (Chief Information Security Officer)
- An executive responsible for managing information security.
- CSRF (Cross-Site Request Forgery)
- An attack that tricks a user into executing unwanted actions on a web app.
- CVE (Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures)
- A list of publicly known cybersecurity vulnerabilities.
- Certificate Authority (CA)
- An entity that issues digital certificates to verify identities.
- Certificate Authority Compromise
- Unauthorized access to a CA to issue fraudulent certificates.
- Certificate Lifecycle Management
- Managing digital certificates from issuance to renewal and revocation.
- Certificate Pinning
- Associating a host with its expected X.509 certificate or public key to prevent MITM attacks.
- Certificate Pinning
- Associating a host with its expected X.509 certificate or public key to prevent MITM attacks.
- Certificate Revocation List (CRL)
- A list of certificates that have been revoked and are no longer trusted.
- Certificate Transparency Logs
- Public records of issued SSL/TLS certificates to detect misuse.
- Certificate-Based Authentication
- Using digital certificates for verifying identities.
- Chain of Custody
- Documentation that tracks evidence handling from discovery to presentation.
- Chain of Custody Tracking
- Maintaining a secure record of evidence handling in investigations.
- Cipher
- An algorithm for encryption and decryption.
- Cipher Block Chaining (CBC)
- A mode of operation for block ciphers that enhances security.
- Click Fraud Detection
- Identifying and preventing fraudulent ad clicks.
- Cloaking
- Hiding malicious content or behavior to avoid detection.
- Cloud Data Loss Prevention (DLP)
- Preventing sensitive data leaks in cloud environments.
- Cloud Forensics
- Investigating and analyzing incidents in cloud environments.
- Cloud Infrastructure Entitlement Management (CIEM)
- Managing and securing access to cloud resources.
- Cloud Security
- Measures taken to protect cloud computing environments and data.
- Cloud Security Posture Management (CSPM)
- Tools to monitor and improve cloud security configurations.
- Cloud Workload Security
- Protecting workloads running in cloud environments.
- Code Injection Defense
- Techniques to protect against unauthorized code insertion.
- Code Review Automation
- Using tools to analyze code for security flaws and bugs.
- Code Signing
- process that uses a digital signature to verify the authenticity of code.
- Code Signing Certificate
- A certificate that verifies the authenticity of software developers.
- Code Tampering
- Unauthorized modification of software code to introduce vulnerabilities or malware.
- Cognitive Hacking
- Manipulating human perceptions or behavior through cybersecurity methods.
- Cognitive Security
- The application of AI to identify and combat cyber threats.
- Command Injection
- Exploiting vulnerabilities to execute unauthorized commands on a server.
- Command Shell Injection
- Exploiting shell commands to compromise systems.
- Compliance
- Ensuring systems meet regulatory standards and security requirements.
- Compliance Audits
- Evaluating an organization’s adherence to security standards and regulations.
- Compliance Management Tools
- Software for tracking and managing regulatory compliance.
- Compliance Reporting
- Documenting adherence to security standards and regulations.
- Container Escape Protection
- Safeguarding against attacks that break out of containers to host systems.
- Container Image Scanning
- Analyzing container images for vulnerabilities before deployment.
- Containerized Application Security
- Protecting apps running within containers from breaches.
- Content Injection Attack
- Modifying legitimate content to include malicious elements.
- Content Scraping Detection
- Identifying and blocking automated data extraction from websites.
- Content Security Policy (CSP)
- A security feature that helps prevent cross-site scripting and other code injection attacks.
- Content Spoofing
- Manipulating web content to deceive users into trusting a malicious source.
- Continuous Integration Security
- Protecting CI pipelines from threats and vulnerabilities.
- Continuous Monitoring
- A method for constantly evaluating a system’s security posture.
- Continuous Patch Management
- Regularly updating software to address security vulnerabilities.
- Continuous Threat Hunting
- Proactively searching for hidden threats in a network.
- Continuous Vulnerability Management
- Regularly identifying, evaluating, and mitigating vulnerabilities in systems and applications.
- Controlled Unclassified Information (CUI)
- Information that requires safeguarding but is not classified.
- Credential Exposure Monitoring
- Identifying and responding to compromised credentials.
- Credential Management Policy
- Guidelines for securely managing passwords and authentication tokens.
- Credential Reuse Detection
- Identifying instances where stolen credentials are used across multiple systems.
- Credential Stuffing
- Using stolen usernames and passwords to gain unauthorized access.
- Credential Stuffing Protection
- Measures to defend against attackers using stolen credentials to access accounts.
- Credential Vault
- A secure storage solution for managing and accessing credentials.
- Critical Asset Identification
- Determining which assets are essential for business operations.
- Critical Data Protection
- Safeguarding sensitive and essential organizational data.
- Critical Infrastructure
- Systems and assets vital to a country’s security, economy, and public health.
- Critical Infrastructure Protection
- Securing essential systems and services, such as energy, water, and communications.
- Critical Security Patch
- Urgent updates addressing severe vulnerabilities.
- Critical System Redundancy
- Adding backups for critical systems to ensure continuity during failure.
- Cross-Domain Solutions (CDS)
- Tools or systems to securely transfer data between domains with different security levels.
- Cross-Origin Scripting (XOS)
- Exploiting vulnerabilities to execute scripts across domains.
- Cross-Platform Malware
- Malware capable of infecting multiple operating systems.
- Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)
- An attack that injects malicious scripts into web applications.
- Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)
- Injecting malicious scripts into web pages to steal information.
- Cryptanalysis Tools
- Software for analyzing and breaking cryptographic systems.
- Cryptographic Algorithm Strength
- Evaluating the effectiveness of an encryption algorithm against attacks.
- Cryptographic Backdoor
- Hidden weaknesses intentionally placed in encryption systems.
- Cryptographic Entropy
- Measuring the randomness used in encryption to ensure strength.
- Cryptographic Hash
- A function that converts data into a fixed-size string of characters, often used in authentication.
- Cryptographic Key Management
- Handling encryption keys securely throughout their lifecycle.
- Cryptographic Protocol
- A set of rules ensuring secure communication and data integrity.
- Cryptography
- Techniques for secure communication by encoding information.
- Cyber Incident Response Plan
- A structured approach to managing and mitigating cybersecurity incidents.
- Cyber Insurance
- Insurance policies to mitigate financial losses from cyberattacks.
- Cyber Resilience
- The ability to prepare for, withstand, and recover from cyberattacks.
- Cyber Threat Intelligence (CTI)
- Data that provides insight into potential threats.
- Cyber Threat Monitoring
- Constant surveillance for potential cybersecurity risks.
- Cyber Threat Simulation
- Testing defenses by simulating potential cyberattacks.
- Cyberattack Attribution
- Identifying the source or perpetrator of a cyberattack.
- Cyberespionage
- The act of stealing sensitive or classified information from a target.
- Cybersecurity Gamification
- Using game-like elements to train and engage users in cybersecurity practices.
D
- DDoS (Distributed Denial of Service)
- An attack flooding a target system with excessive requests.
- DDoS Attack Simulation
- Testing defenses by simulating distributed denial-of-service attacks.
- DDoS Protection Services
- Solutions designed to mitigate the effects of distributed denial-of-service attacks.
- DF (Key Derivation Function)
- KA method for generating cryptographic keys from a shared secret.
- DNS Amplification Attack
- A type of DoS attack leveraging DNS servers to overwhelm a target.
- DNS Firewalls
- Tools that block malicious traffic at the DNS layer
- DNS Forwarding
- Redirecting DNS requests to specific servers for analysis or filtering.
- DNS Over HTTPS (DoH)
- Encrypting DNS traffic to prevent eavesdropping and manipulation.
- DNS Security Best Practices
- Strategies for hardening DNS infrastructure against attacks.
- DNS Sinkhole
- A method of rerouting malicious traffic to a controlled IP for analysis or mitigation.
- DNS Traffic Analysis
- Examining DNS queries to detect malicious behavior.
- DNS Tunneling
- Using DNS queries to bypass network security and exfiltrate data.
- DNS-Based Attacks
- Exploiting vulnerabilities in DNS protocols, such as cache poisoning or tunneling.
- DNS-Based Content Filtering
- Blocking harmful content by analyzing DNS requests.
- DNSSEC (DNS Security Extensions)
- Protocols to secure DNS by preventing spoofing and cache poisoning.
- DNSSEC Key Management
- Managing cryptographic keys used in DNSSEC to maintain secure operations.
- Dark Web Monitoring
- Tracking activity on the dark web to identify threats to an organization.
- Darknet Marketplaces
- Hidden online platforms where illicit goods and services, including cyber tools, are traded.
- Data Aggregation Risks
- Addressing security concerns when combining multiple datasets.
- Data Anonymization
- Removing personally identifiable information (PII) from datasets to protect privacy.
- Data Deduplication
- Eliminating duplicate copies of data to improve storage efficiency and reduce risks.
- Data Disposal Policy
- Guidelines for securely deleting and disposing of sensitive information.
- Data Erasure Verification
- Confirming that sensitive data has been securely deleted and is unrecoverable.
- Data Exfiltration
- The unauthorized transfer of data from a system or network.
- Data Governance
- Policies and practices for managing and protecting organizational data.
- Data Integrity
- Ensuring that data is accurate, consistent, and has not been tampered with.
- Data Integrity Check
- Verifying data consistency and accuracy to detect tampering
- Data Integrity Monitoring
- Tools and processes to ensure that data has not been altered maliciously.
- Data Leak Detection Tools
- Systems for identifying and responding to data exposure incidents.
- Data Leak Response Plan
- Structured steps to handle and mitigate data leaks.
- Data Loss Prevention (DLP
- Measures to prevent data from being leaked or lost.
- Data Provenance
- Tracking the origin and history of data to ensure its integrity.
- Data Residency
- Legal requirements for storing data within specific geographic locations.
- Data Retention Policy
- Rules for how long data should be stored and when it should be deleted.
- Data Sanitization
- Techniques to ensure that data is irretrievably deleted or obscured.
- Data Synchronization Security
- Protecting data while syncing across devices and platforms.
- Data Tokenization
- Replacing sensitive data with unique tokens to reduce exposure risks.
- Data-at-Rest
- Data stored on physical or digital mediums, protected through encryption.
- Database Security
- Measures taken to protect data stored in databases from unauthorized access and corruption.
- Decentralized Identity
- A privacy-focused approach where users control their digital identity.
- Decentralized Network
- A network without a single point of control, enhancing security and resilience.
- Decentralized Storage Systems
- Systems that distribute data storage across multiple locations for security.
- Deception Technology
- Tools designed to mislead attackers by simulating valuable systems.
- Deception-Based Defense
- Strategies like honeypots and fake data to mislead attackers.
- Deceptive Phishing
- A targeted form of phishing that tricks victims by mimicking trusted entities.
- Decoy Networks
- Simulated environments designed to detect and study attackers.
- Decoy Systems
- Fake systems set up to lure attackers into a trap, such as honeypots.
- Decryption
- The process of converting encrypted data back to its original form.
- Decryption Anomaly Detection
- Identifying unusual decryption activities that may signal a breach.
- Decryption Key
- The key used to convert encrypted data back into its original form.
- Decryption Key Exposure
- The accidental or malicious disclosure of keys used to decrypt sensitive data.
- Deep Learning Security
- Using AI models to detect and mitigate advanced cyber threats.
- Deepfake Detection
- Tools and methods for identifying manipulated media created using AI.
- Defensive Security
- Strategies and techniques aimed at protecting systems from attacks and breaches.
- Degaussing
- The process of erasing magnetic storage media like hard drives.
- Degaussing Tool
- A device used to erase magnetic storage media securely.
- Denial-of-Service (DoS)
- An attack aiming to make a network or system unavailable.
- Denial-of-Service (DoS) Amplification
- Leveraging intermediate systems to amplify the impact of DoS attacks.
- Device Configuration Security
- Ensuring that device settings meet security standards.
- Device Control Policy
- Guidelines for managing and securing access to devices connected to a network.
- Device Vulnerability Scanning
- Identifying and addressing security weaknesses in connected devices.
- Device-Based Authentication
- Authentication methods relying on device-specific factors, like biometrics.
- Dictionary Attack
- Using a pre-defined list of words to guess passwords.
- Digital Asset Security
- Protecting online assets like digital wallets, NFTs, and intellectual property.
- Digital Identity
- The online representation of an individual, including authentication methods.
- Digital Rights Management (DRM)
- Technologies to control the distribution and usage of digital content.
- Digital Twin Security
- Protecting virtual replicas of physical systems from attacks.
- Digital Watermarking
- Embedding data into digital files to track ownership or detect tampering.
- Directory Traversal
- A vulnerability allowing attackers to access restricted directories.
- Disaster Recovery Plan (DRP)
- A documented strategy for recovering from disruptions.
- Disaster Recovery Testing
- Regularly testing recovery plans to ensure effectiveness during disruptions.
- Disk Encryption Hardware
- Physical devices that offer built-in encryption for drives.
- Disk Encryption Tools
- Software used to encrypt entire drives to protect stored data.
- Disk Fragmentation and Security
- Understanding how fragmented files can impact data recovery and protection.
- Disk Partition Encryption
- Encrypting specific partitions on a drive for targeted data protection.
- Disk Redaction
- Removing sensitive sections from disk images for secure sharing.
- Disk Wiping
- Securely erasing all data from a storage device.
- Disk Wiping Tools
- Software designed to securely erase data from storage devices to prevent recovery.
- Dissolvable Agents
- Temporary security tools that remove themselves after use.
- Distributed Authentication
- Authentication methods spread across multiple systems for enhanced security.
- Distributed Consensus Protocols
- Securing agreements in decentralized systems, such as blockchain.
- Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS)
- A more complex version of DoS, involving multiple systems to overwhelm a target.
- Distributed Hash Tables (DHT)
- Secure data storage and retrieval systems in peer-to-peer networks.
- Distributed IDS/IPS
- Intrusion detection and prevention systems spread across a network.
- Distributed Ledger Security
- Safeguarding blockchain and other decentralized systems against fraud and tampering.
- Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT)
- Technology used for maintaining a secure, decentralized ledger, such as blockchain.
- Diversity of Defense
- Employing varied security measures to reduce vulnerabilities.
- Domain Blacklisting
- Preventing access to known malicious domains.
- Domain Name System (DNS)
- A system that translates domain names into IP addresses.
- Domain Registration Security
- Safeguarding domain registration accounts to prevent hijacking.
- Domain Reputation Monitoring
- Assessing and tracking the reputation of domain names for potential misuse.
- Domain Shadowing
- Hijacking unused subdomains of a legitimate domain to host malicious content.
- Domain Watch Services
- Monitoring services for unauthorized use of domain names.
- Doxxing
- Publishing private information about individuals without their consent, often for malicious purposes.
- Doxxing Prevention
- Strategies to protect individuals from unauthorized exposure of personal information.
- Drive Encryption
- Encrypting the entire contents of a drive to prevent unauthorized access.
- Drive Encryption Management
- Tools for managing encryption on physical and virtual drives.
- Drive-by Download
- Unintended download of malicious software when visiting a compromised website.
- Drive-by Download Attack
- Installing malware on a device without the user’s knowledge by visiting a compromised website.
- Drive-by Mining
- Unwittingly mining cryptocurrency when visiting a compromised site.
- Dual-Factor Authentication
- An authentication method requiring two forms of verification.
- Dumbbell Attack
- A type of DDoS attack where traffic is sent through several servers to mask the origin of the attack.
- Dynamic Access Control
- Adjusting user permissions in real-time based on activity and context.
- Dynamic Code Analysis
- Examining code behavior during execution to identify vulnerabilities.
- Dynamic Content Filtering
- Analyzing web content in real time to block malicious or inappropriate material.
- Dynamic DNS (DDNS)
- A service that updates DNS records in real-time to match changing IP addresses.
- Dynamic Data Masking (DDM)
- Obscuring sensitive data in real-time while still allowing legitimate usage.
- Dynamic Key Exchange
- Securely sharing encryption keys during a session.
- Dynamic Link Library (DLL)
- Files used by programs to share code; vulnerable to DLL hijacking.
- Dynamic Malware Analysis
- Examining malware in a controlled environment to observe its behavior.
- Dynamic Privilege Escalation
- Monitoring for unauthorized increases in user permissions.
- Dynamic Threat Analysis
- Continuously assessing threats to respond to new attack vectors.
- Dynamic Whitelisting
- Automatically updating lists of approved applications or devices.
E
- ET (Key Encryption Token)
- KA token used for encrypting and securely exchanging keys.
- Eavesdropping
- Intercepting communication between two parties to steal information.
- Eavesdropping Prevention
- Measures like encryption to stop attackers from intercepting communications.
- Egress Traffic Monitoring
- Observing outbound network traffic for signs of data exfiltration.
- Elasticity
- The ability of a system to automatically scale resources up or down based on demand.
- Email Archiving Security
- Protecting archived emails from unauthorized access or tampering.
- Email Filtering Rules
- Custom rules to identify and block malicious or unwanted emails.
- Email Monitoring Solutions
- Tools to detect phishing, malware, and other email-based threats.
- Email Security Gateway
- A device or application for filtering malicious emails.
- Email Threat Analysis
- Analyzing email messages for phishing, spam, and malware.
- Email Threat Intelligence Feeds
- Data streams providing insights into emerging email-based threats.
- Embedded Encryption
- Built-in encryption mechanisms within hardware or software.
- Emulation
- Imitating one system’s functionality on another, often used in malware analysis.
- Encrypted Application Traffic
- Securing data transferred between applications with encryption protocols.
- Encrypted Backups
- Protecting backup data by encrypting it to prevent unauthorized access.
- Encrypted Communication Channels
- Secure pathways for transferring data between systems.
- Encrypted Email Communication
- Ensuring secure email exchanges using encryption protocols.
- Encrypted File Systems
- File systems that use encryption to secure stored data against unauthorized access.
- Encrypted Firmware Updates
- Securing software updates for hardware devices using encryption.
- Encrypted IoT Communications
- Securing data transmitted between Internet of Things devices.
- Encrypted Malware
- Malware that uses encryption to evade detection by security tools.
- Encrypted Media Files
- Protecting audio, video, and other media files using encryption.
- Encrypted Password Vaults
- Tools for securely storing and managing passwords.
- Encrypted Storage Devices
- Physical devices that use encryption to secure stored data.
- Encrypted Traffic Analysis
- Monitoring encrypted traffic patterns for signs of malicious activity without decrypting the data.
- Encrypted Virtual Machines
- Virtual machines that use encryption to protect their contents.
- Encrypted Web Applications
- Securing web applications with end-to-end encryption protocols.
- Encryption
- Converting data into a coded format to prevent unauthorized access.
- Encryption Backdoors
- Hidden methods of bypassing encryption, often used for surveillance or malicious purposes.
- Encryption Escrow Services
- Third-party services that securely store encryption keys.
- Encryption Key
- A sequence of characters used to encrypt or decrypt data.
- Encryption Key Management
- The process of securely generating, storing, and managing cryptographic keys.
- Encryption Key Rotation
- Regularly updating encryption keys to enhance security.
- Encryption Layer Security
- Adding multiple layers of encryption for enhanced data protection.
- Encryption Standards
- Protocols like AES and RSA used to encrypt and secure data.
- Encryption at Transit
- Protecting data as it moves between systems or networks.
- End-to-End Encryption
- Encryption that ensures data is protected from the sender to the receiver.
- End-to-End Encryption (E2EE)
- Encrypting data so that only the sender and receiver can read it, with no intermediaries.
- Endpoint Access Control
- Limiting access to devices based on identity and permissions.
- Endpoint Activity Monitoring
- Observing endpoint actions to detect abnormal behavior.
- Endpoint Analytics
- Tools that monitor and analyze endpoint activity to detect threats.
- Endpoint Asset Management
- Tracking and securing endpoint devices within a network.
- Endpoint Baseline Analysis
- Establishing normal behavior patterns for endpoint devices.
- Endpoint Device Authentication
- Verifying the identity of devices before granting network access.
- Endpoint Encryption Software
- Tools to encrypt data stored on endpoint devices.
- Endpoint Forensic Analysis
- Investigating endpoint devices after a security breach.
- Endpoint Hardening
- Strengthening endpoint devices by applying security measures and removing vulnerabilities.
- Endpoint Isolation
- Segregating a compromised endpoint from the network to prevent further damage.
- Endpoint Patch Management
- Regularly updating and patching endpoint devices to address vulnerabilities.
- Endpoint Policy Enforcement
- Ensuring endpoint devices adhere to security policies.
- Endpoint Resilience
- Ensuring endpoint devices can recover quickly from attacks.
- Endpoint Risk Management
- Assessing and mitigating risks specific to endpoint devices.
- Endpoint Security
- Security measures to protect endpoints (laptops, phones, etc.) on a network.
- Endpoint Security Orchestration
- Coordinating multiple security tools to protect endpoint devices.
- Endpoint Security Policies
- Rules and protocols to secure devices connected to a network.
- Endpoint Threat Intelligence
- Gathering and analyzing information about threats targeting endpoint devices.
- Endpoint Vulnerability Assessment
- Analyzing endpoint devices to identify and mitigate security risks.
- Endpoint Vulnerability Scanning
- Automated checks for security flaws on endpoint devices.
- Enhanced Cybersecurity Services (ECS)
- Government-provided services to improve an organization’s defenses.
- Enhanced Network Encryption
- Strengthening encryption for data transmitted over networks.
- Enhanced Security Mode
- A configuration mode for increasing the security of software or systems.
- Ensuring that threat detection systems meet high-quality stQuick Incident Responseandards for identifying and mitigating cyber threats.Quality Assurance (QA) in Threat Detection
- A rapid and coordinated approach to responding to cybersecurity incidents, aiming to minimize damage and restore systems.
- Enterprise Risk Management (ERM)
- Identifying, assessing, and managing risks within an organization.
- Environment Configuration Security
- Securing settings in cloud, virtual, and on-premises environments.
- Environment Hardening
- Securing IT environments by minimizing attack surfaces.
- Environment Variables
- Variables used by the operating system and software to store configuration data, sometimes exploited by attackers.
- Epidemic Propagation
- The spread of malware or other malicious activity across a network.
- Error Handling Security
- Properly managing errors to prevent attackers from exploiting them.
- Error Injection Testing
- Deliberately introducing errors to evaluate system responses.
- Error Logging Analysis
- Reviewing error logs to identify potential vulnerabilities.
- Error Message Sanitization
- Hiding sensitive information in error messages to prevent misuse.
- Error-Based SQL Injection
- A technique that uses error messages to extract information from a database.
- Escalation of Privileges
- Exploiting vulnerabilities to gain higher access rights on a system.
- Escrowed Encryption
- Encryption where the encryption keys are stored by a third party.
- Ethical Hacking
- Legally probing systems for vulnerabilities to improve security.
- Event Correlation
- Analyzing logs and events to identify patterns or threats.
- Event Correlation Platforms
- Systems that aggregate and analyze event data to uncover threats.
- Event Management
- Coordinating and addressing security incidents in real time.
- Event Reconstruction
- Rebuilding timelines of security incidents for analysis and reporting.
- Event Triggered Alerts
- Notifications generated when specific security conditions are met.
- Event-Based Monitoring
- Real-time analysis of security events to identify anomalies.
- Event-Based Response Automation
- Automatically reacting to security incidents based on predefined criteria.
- Event-Based Threat Hunting
- Proactively searching for threats triggered by specific events.
- Event-Driven Security Controls
- Dynamic security measures triggered by specific activities.
- Evil Twin Wi-Fi Detection
- Identifying fraudulent wireless access points mimicking legitimate ones.
- Executable
- A file that contains a program that can run on a computer.
- Executable File Protection
- Preventing tampering or unauthorized execution of program files.
- Executable Malware
- Malicious software designed to run and execute tasks.
- Executable Sandboxing
- Running potentially malicious files in a controlled environment for analysis.
- Executable Whitelisting
- Allowing only pre-approved applications to run on systems.
- Exfiltration Detection
- Tools and processes to identify unauthorized data transfers from systems or networks.
- Exit Node
- A server in a network, like a Tor exit node, through which encrypted traffic exits to the public internet.
- Exploit Chain
- A series of exploits combined to achieve a complex attack.
- Exploit Development
- Creating tools or scripts to take advantage of vulnerabilities.
- Exploit Kit
- Pre-packaged tools designed to identify and exploit vulnerabilities in software.
- Exploit Mitigation Techniques
- Methods to prevent or reduce the impact of exploits.
- Exploit Prevention Frameworks
- Tools designed to block known exploits proactively.
- Exploitation Frameworks
- Tools like Metasploit that automate the process of exploiting vulnerabilities.
- Exploits targeting Jupyter Notebooks, which can run arbitrJDBC (Java Database Connectivity)ary code in data science environments.Jupyter Notebook Exploits
- A Java API for connecting to databases, sometimes targeted for SQL injection.
- Exposure
- The condition of being unprotected against threats.
- Extended Detection and Response (XDR)
- A security platform that integrates data from multiple sources to provide comprehensive threat detection and response.
- Extended Validation Certificates (EV)
- High-assurance SSL/TLS certificates that confirm the legitimacy of a website.
- External Attack Surface
- The part of a network that is exposed to the internet and is vulnerable to external attacks.
- External Data Sharing Policies
- Guidelines for securely sharing data with third parties.
- External Firewall Rules
- Configurations to block or allow specific external network traffic.
- External Intrusion Detection
- Monitoring for threats originating outside an organization’s network.
- External Penetration Testing
- Testing external-facing systems for vulnerabilities to prevent exploitation.
- External Threat
- A cyber threat originating from outside the organization.
- External Threat Detection
- Identifying potential threats originating from outside an organization.
- e device or its data.Monitoring Solutions
- Tools and software used to continuously monitor systems, networks, and applications for abnormal behavior or potential security incidents.
- emory Forensics Tool
- MSoftware used to analyze a system’s volatile memory (RAM) to detect and investigate cyber threats or breaches.
- erberized Server
- KA server using the Kerberos protocol for authentication.
- erberoasting
- KAn attack that extracts hashed credentials from Kerberos tickets to brute-force offline.
- erberos Tickets
- KTemporary credentials used for secure authentication in networks.
- ernel Space
- KThe portion of memory where the kernel operates, critical for system security.
- etwork Behavior Analysis (NBA)
- NMonitoring and analyzing network traffic to detect anomalies.
- etwork Behavior Analysis (NBA)
- NMonitoring and analyzing network traffic to detect anomalies.
- etwork Segmentation
- NDividing a network into smaller, isolated segments for security.
- etwork Segmentation
- NDividing a network into smaller, isolated segments for security.
- etwork Segmentation Firewall
- NFirewalls used to separate and control traffic between network segments.
- etwork Traffic Analysis
- NMonitoring data flow across a network for anomalies.
- etwork Traffic Analysis
- NMonitoring data flow across a network for anomalies.
- etwork Visibility
- NThe ability to monitor and understand activity across a network.
- etwork Visibility
- NThe ability to monitor and understand activity across a network.
- ext-Generation Firewall (NGFW)
- NAdvanced firewalls offering deep packet inspection and threat intelligence.
- ext-Generation Firewall (NGFW)
- NFirewalls offering advanced capabilities like application inspection and threat intelligence.
- ey Lifecycle Management
- KThe process of generating, storing, rotating, and retiring cryptographic keys securely.
- ey Negotiation
- KThe process of determining and exchanging cryptographic keys between parties.
- ey Rotating
- KRegularly changing encryption keys to enhance security.
- ey Schedule
- KAn algorithm used to determine the sequence of subkeys in a cipher.
F
- FIDO (Fast Identity Online)
- A set of security standards for strong user authentication without using passwords.
- Fake Login Pages
- Counterfeit pages designed to steal login credentials.
- Fake SSL Certificates
- Fraudulent certificates used to impersonate a trusted website or service.
- Fake Wi-Fi Access Points
- Rogue APs set up to intercept user communications.
- Fault Injection
- Deliberately causing errors in systems to identify vulnerabilities.
- Federated Identity
- A single digital identity used across multiple systems securely.
- Federated Identity Management
- A system that allows users to use the same credentials across multiple organizations.
- Federated Identity Management (FIM)
- A system for sharing user identity information across multiple organizations.
- File Encryption
- Protecting individual files by encrypting their contents.
- File Sharing Vulnerabilities
- Security risks associated with sharing files over unsecure networks or systems.
- File Sharing Vulnerabilities
- Risks associated with sharing files over unsecured networks.
- File Splitting
- Dividing files into smaller segments for secure storage or transfer.
- Fileless Threats
- Attacks executed without creating files, often in system memory.
- Firewall
- A device or software that monitors and controls incoming and outgoing network traffic based on security rules.
- Firewall Logging
- The process of tracking and recording firewall activity for monitoring and analysis.
- Firewall Logging
- Recording firewall activities for monitoring and auditing.
- Firewall Rule Base
- A set of policies defining allowed and blocked traffic.
- Firmware Exploits
- Attacks targeting vulnerabilities in firmware.
- Firmware Security
- Protecting the integrity of firmware against tampering.
- Firmware Tampering
- Unauthorized modification of firmware.
- Flood Attack
- Overwhelms a system with excessive traffic, causing a denial of service.
- Flooding Attack
- Overloading a network or server with excessive traffic.
- Forensic Image
- An exact replica of a storage device used in investigations.
- Forensic Imaging
- Creating exact copies of storage devices for investigation.
- Forensics
- The process of analyzing and investigating digital evidence after a cybersecurity incident.
- Framework Compliance
- Adherence to security frameworks like NIST or ISO 27001.
- Fraud Detection Algorithms
- Tools that use machine learning and heuristics to identify and prevent fraudulent activities.
- Fuzz Testing
- An automated technique for finding vulnerabilities by inputting random or unexpected data into a program.
- Fuzz Testing Tools
- Software designed to automate fuzzing for vulnerability discovery.
- ffboarding Security
- OEnsuring security measures are followed when employees leave an organization, including revoking access and securing sensitive data.
G
- G-Authentication
- A form of user authentication that uses multiple factors, often involving Google or other services as part of the process.
- GHOST
- A family of Linux vulnerabilities that allowed attackers to exploit the glibc library, leading to remote code execution.
- GNU Debugger (GDB)
- A tool that can be exploited by attackers to debug and manipulate applications maliciously.
- GNU Privacy Guard (GPG)
- A free software replacement for PGP, used for encrypting and signing data.
- GPG Key
- A key used for encrypting and decrypting messages with GPG.
- GPU Acceleration for Cryptography
- The use of Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) to speed up cryptographic operations, increasing security and performance.
- GRC (Governance, Risk, and Compliance)
- A framework for managing an organization’s overall governance, risk, and compliance.
- GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications)
- A standard for mobile networks, potentially vulnerable to attacks like SIM swapping.
- GSM Security
- Protecting communications over the Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) network.
- GSM Security
- Protecting mobile networks that use the Global System for Mobile Communications standard
- GUI (Graphical User Interface) Lockdown
- Restricting access to certain GUI features for security.
- GUID (Globally Unique Identifier)
- A unique reference number used to identify objects in software.
- GUID Spoofing
- Tampering with globally unique identifiers for malicious purposes
- Gaining Initial Access
- The first stage of an attack, where an attacker gains access to a system or network.
- Gaining Privilege Escalation
- Techniques used by attackers to elevate their level of access to systems.
- Gamification in Security
- The use of game-like elements in security training or systems to engage and motivate users.
- Gap Analysis
- Identifying security policy or system weaknesses and areas for improvement.
- Gaps in Security Policies
- Identifying weaknesses in existing security procedures and controls.
- Garbage Collection
- In data privacy, securely deleting temporary files or unnecessary data.
- Garbage Collection Attack
- Exploiting temporary data stored in memory during garbage collection processes.
- Garbage Collection Attack
- Exploiting flaws in memory management to retrieve sensitive information.
- Garbage In, Garbage Out (GIGO)
- A concept stating that poor input data will lead to poor output or decision-making.
- Gated VPN Access
- Restricting access to a Virtual Private Network (VPN) based on predefined security checks and authentication.
- Gatekeeper
- A security measure that controls access to a system or network, often by using authentication or authorization methods.
- Gatekeeper Access Control
- A security mechanism that acts as a gatekeeper, controlling who can access specific systems based on pre-configured rules.
- Gateway
- A node that connects two networks with different protocols.
- Gateway Anti-Virus
- A security solution that scans for malware at the network gateway level.
- Gateway DDoS Protection
- Defending network gateways from distributed denial-of-service attacks.
- Gateway Malware Scanner
- A tool designed to inspect and remove malicious code at the network gateway level to prevent it from entering the internal network.
- Gateway Security Appliance
- A hardware or software device deployed at a network gateway to filter, monitor, and protect traffic entering and leaving the network.
- General Access Control List (ACL)
- A list of permissions defining who can access or modify a resource within a system.
- General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)
- A European law governing data protection and privacy.
- General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)
- A regulation that sets guidelines for the collection and processing of personal data of individuals in the EU.
- General Exploitability
- The likelihood or ease of exploiting a particular vulnerability in a system.
- General Malware
- Malware designed to infect a wide range of systems or devices without being specific to any particular target.
- General Public Key Infrastructure (PKI)
- A system of digital certificates, public keys, and other mechanisms to secure digital communications and authentication.
- Generic Exploit
- A type of exploit that is not targeted at a specific system but is designed to work against a broad range of systems or applications.
- Generic Payload
- A payload that can be used with different exploits or systems, often designed to be more adaptable across various targets.
- Generic Routing Encapsulation (GRE) Security
- Protecting GRE tunnels from tampering and misuse.
- Geo-Location Tracking
- The process of tracking the geographical location of devices or users, which can be used to strengthen or weaken access control system
- Geo-Spatial Security
- The security of systems and networks that rely on geographic data or geospatial technologies, such as GPS.
- GeoIP Blocking
- Blocking IP addresses based on geographical location.
- Geofenced Security Zone
- A virtual boundary that defines security levels based on geographic locations, controlling access to certain systems or services.
- Geofencing
- A technology that uses GPS to create a virtual boundary around a geographical location, used for security monitoring.
- Geofencing
- Restricting access to resources or devices based on geographic location.
- Geofencing Authentication
- An authentication method that uses geographic location to determine whether access should be granted to a system.
- Geofencing Policy
- A security measure where access or services are restricted based on a user’s geographical location using GPS or IP addresses.
- Geographic Distribution of Risk
- A strategy for distributing data or resources geographically to reduce the risk of large-scale breaches or disruptions.
- Geolocation Spoofing
- Falsifying location data to bypass geographic restrictions or deceive systems.
- Geospatial Analytics
- The use of geographic data to analyze patterns, trends, and relationships relevant to cybersecurity.
- Geospatial Cybersecurity
- The protection of location-based data and systems that rely on geographic information systems (GIS).
- Ghetto Mode
- A term used to describe a security feature that limits system functionality or access when under attack, to minimize damage.
- Ghost Admin
- A hidden or unauthorized administrator account that can be used to maintain control over a system without detection.
- Ghost Imaging
- Creating an exact replica of a device’s system for backup or forensic analysis.
- Ghost Phishing
- An advanced phishing technique that targets specific individuals with highly personalized messages.
- Ghost Update
- A stealthy update to a software or system that includes malicious code, which goes unnoticed by the user.
- Ghosting
- A tactic in cyberattacks where the attacker uses a legitimate user’s credentials without detection, often through phishing or credential stuffing.
- Ghostware
- Malware designed to cover its tracks and avoid detection.
- Giant Honey Pot
- A large-scale honeypot designed to attract and trap malicious actors in a network.
- GigaBit Interface Converter (GBIC)
- A device used to connect different types of network media.
- Gilt
- A term used to describe valuable data or assets that are highly protected in a security context, often sought by attackers.
- Git Hook
- A script that is triggered by certain Git commands, often used to enforce security policies or perform automated checks.
- Git Version Control Security
- Security measures that protect code repositories in Git, preventing unauthorized access or code tampering.
- Git Vulnerabilities
- Security concerns in the version control system, such as exposed credentials.
- GitHub Security Scanning
- Automatically identifying vulnerabilities in code hosted on GitHub.
- Gleaming Attack
- A type of attack that exploits a weak or forgotten security control or protocol.
- Glitch
- An unintended, often temporary, malfunction in a system that can sometimes be exploited.
- GlobaLeaks
- An open-source platform used to create secure, anonymous whistleblowing systems.
- Global Access Control
- A security mechanism that governs the access to resources across multiple locations, typically in large-scale or distributed networks.
- Global Attack Surface
- The combined entry points that can be exploited in a global system, including physical, network, and application layers.
- Global DDoS Mitigation
- Techniques and systems in place to detect and mitigate Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks at a global scale.
- Global Data Encryption
- The practice of encrypting data across all global systems, ensuring confidentiality and protection during transit and storage.
- Global Data Integrity
- Ensuring the accuracy and consistency of data across systems globally, preventing corruption or unauthorized alteration.
- Global Data Loss Prevention (DLP)
- Security measures that monitor and prevent unauthorized access or exfiltration of sensitive data on a global scale.
- Global Insider Threat Detection
- Systems or strategies designed to identify malicious actions by trusted internal employees across an organization.
- Global Intrusion Detection System (IDS)
- A system that monitors and analyzes global network traffic for signs of intrusion or malicious activity.
- Global Key Management
- Managing encryption keys across multiple systems or regions to ensure consistent security in distributed environments.
- Global Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA)
- Implementing multi-factor authentication across an organization globally to enhance security.
- Global Positioning System (GPS) Spoofing
- The act of deceiving GPS receivers with false data to mislead location-based services.
- Global Privacy Shield
- A security framework for ensuring compliance with global privacy regulations and protecting user data from international breaches.
- Global SSL/TLS Termination
- The process of decrypting Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) or Transport Layer Security (TLS) traffic at a central point for analysis and inspection.
- Global Security Operations Center (SOC)
- A centralized unit responsible for monitoring and defending an organization’s global cybersecurity posture.
- Global Threat Hunting
- Proactively searching for potential threats across global networks and systems to identify and mitigate risks.
- Global Threat Intelligence
- Collecting and analyzing data on threats worldwide to enhance security measures.
- Global Zero-Day
- A vulnerability that is discovered and exploited globally, often with little to no defense or patch available at the time.
- GlobalProtect
- A VPN solution often used in enterprise security environments.
- Go-Back-N Protocol
- A data link layer protocol used for error control in data transmission, often relevant in securing communication systems.
- Go-RAT
- A type of Remote Access Trojan (RAT) designed for stealthy remote control of infected systems.
- GoBack
- A term used in network protocols referring to a request to resend lost or corrupted packets.
- Gold Mine Vulnerability
- A highly valuable vulnerability that could potentially lead to significant system breaches or exploitation.
- Golden Ticket Attack
- A Kerberos attack that grants attackers unrestricted access to a domain.
- Google Hacking
- Using advanced search operators to discover vulnerable systems or information.
- Google Hacking
- Using advanced search techniques to find vulnerabilities or sensitive information exposed on the web.
- Google Safe Browsing
- A Google service that helps identify unsafe websites and warn users about potential risks.
- Google Search Operators
- Advanced search techniques used to find specific information, including vulnerable systems, often used in ethical hacking.
- Gopher Protocol
- An older Internet protocol used for searching and retrieving documents, with vulnerabilities that may still be targeted in some attacks.
- Governance, Risk, and Compliance (GRC)
- Managing IT governance, risk management, and regulatory compliance.
- Governance, Risk, and Compliance (GRC)
- A strategy that helps organizations align their security practices with regulatory requirements and mitigate risks.
- Governance, Risk, and Compliance (GRC)
- A framework for managing an organization’s overall governance, risk, and compliance with regulations.
- Government Malware
- Malware created or used by government agencies for surveillance or espionage purposes.
- Grammatical Phishing
- A form of phishing that relies on grammatical errors or unusual language to target unsuspecting users.
- Granular Access Control
- A precise level of permission assignment to resources.
- Granular Permissions
- Fine-tuning access rights to control specific actions a user can perform.
- Granular Security Policies
- Security policies that provide very specific rules and access levels for users and systems
- Graph-Based Detection
- Using graph theory to identify relationships and anomalies in cybersecurity data.
- GraphQL Injection
- Exploiting improperly secured GraphQL APIs.
- Graphical Passwords
- Authentication methods that use images or graphical patterns instead of traditional passwords.
- Gray Area Security
- A term used to describe security threats or issues that don’t fit neatly into a defined category, often requiring advanced detection methods.
- Gray Box Testing
- A security testing approach that involves partial knowledge of the system being tested, offering a mix between white-box and black-box testing.
- Gray Hat
- A hacker who may break the law but without malicious intent, often seeking rewards for discovering vulnerabilities.
- Gray Hat Hacker
- An individual who may breach security without malicious intent but without proper authorization.
- Gray Hat Hacker
- A hacker who may violate ethical standards but without malicious intent, often discovering vulnerabilities and reporting them.
- Gray Hat Tactics
- Techniques used by gray hat hackers, which may involve bypassing security without malicious intent, but potentially exposing vulnerabilities.
- Gray Market Cryptography
- Cryptographic techniques or products sold through unofficial or unauthorized channels, potentially introducing vulnerabilities.
- Gray Market Software
- Software sold through unauthorized or unofficial channels, often without proper support or warranties.
- Graylisting
- A technique used in email security to temporarily reject incoming emails from untrusted senders, reducing spam.
- Grayware
- Software that behaves in a potentially unwanted manner, such as adware or spyware.
- Grayware
- Software that isn’t outright malicious but may behave undesirably, like adware or trackware.
- Green Computing
- A practice focused on energy-efficient computing that also involves securing green technologies and their networks from cyber threats.
- Green Field Attack
- An attack on a completely new system or platform, often catching the target off-guard due to lack of established security measures.
- GreenIT Security
- The application of environmental sustainability practices in
- Greenfield Vulnerabilities
- Vulnerabilities that exist in newly created systems or software, often due to the absence of established security practices.
- Grid Computing Security
- Safeguarding distributed computing systems from unauthorized access.
- Grid Firewall
- A firewall designed to protect distributed grid computing systems from unauthorized access or attack.
- Grid Vulnerability
- Weaknesses in a grid computing network that can be exploited by attackers to gain unauthorized access or cause disruptions.
- Group Encryption
- An encryption method where all members of a group use the same key.
- Group Policy Object (GPO)
- Settings in Windows to manage user and computer configurations within a domain.
- Group Policy Object (GPO)
- A Windows feature for managing user and computer settings in an Active Directory environment.
- Group Tokenization
- The process of replacing sensitive data with a non-sensitive token that can be securely stored and used for later operations.
- Guard (Firewall)
- A security appliance that monitors and controls incoming and outgoing network traffic based on predetermined security rules.
- Guarded Email Encryption
- Encrypting emails to ensure that only authorized users can access the contents of the message.
- Guarding Against Social Engineering
- Security measures aimed at preventing manipulation or deception of users to gain unauthorized access.
- Guest Account
- A limited account used for temporary access, minimizing potential damage from unauthorized use.
- Guest Account Exploitation
- Attacks that leverage poorly secured guest accounts to gain a foothold in systems.
- Guest Account Exploits
- Attacks leveraging unprotected or default guest user accounts.
- Guest Network
- A separate network for temporary or untrusted users to prevent access to sensitive data.
- Guest OS Isolation
- Ensuring virtual machines are isolated from each other to prevent cross-VM attacks.
- Guest OS Security
- Protecting the operating systems running in virtualized environments.
- Guest Virtual Machine (VM)
- A virtualized environment or operating system used by guests or untrusted users, often isolated for security.
- Guided Hacking
- A method of assisting others to learn and perform ethical hacking techniques, usually in a controlled environment.
- Guided Penetration Testing
- Using tools or frameworks to assist in identifying and exploiting vulnerabilities.
H
- HMAC (Hash-Based Message Authentication Code)
- A process that involves hashing data with a secret key to ensure integrity.
- HMAC (Hash-based Message Authentication Code)
- A method for message authentication using a cryptographic hash.
- HSM Tampering
- The act of attempting to breach or manipulate a Hardware Security Module to gain unauthorized access to cryptographic keys.
- HSTS (HTTP Strict Transport Security)
- A protocol to enforce secure HTTPS connections.
- HSTS Header
- A header used to enforce secure HTTPS communication by preventing SSL/TLS stripping attacks.
- HSTS Preload List
- A list of websites that are required to implement HTTPS to secure communication.
- HSTS Preload List
- A list of websites that must enforce HTTPS by preloading their domain in web browsers.
- HSTS Preloading
- Ensuring browsers always use HTTPS for specific domains by preloading them into browsers.
- HTTP Header Injection
- An attack that inserts malicious content into HTTP headers.
- HTTP Header Injection
- Manipulating HTTP headers to execute attacks.
- HTTP Header Security
- Using headers like CSP and HSTS to enhance the security of web applications.
- HTTP Parameter Pollution (HPP)
- An attack that injects multiple parameters to disrupt web server logic.
- HTTP Parameter Pollution (HPP)
- Manipulating HTTP parameters to exploit vulnerabilities in web applications.
- HTTP Parameter Pollution (HPP)
- Attacks that exploit vulnerabilities by injecting multiple parameters in HTTP requests to confuse servers.
- HTTP Strict Transport Security (HSTS)
- A web security policy mechanism that helps protect websites against man-in-the-middle attacks.
- HTTP/2 Security
- Security measures for HTTP/2, the second major version of the HTTP protocol.
- HTTPS (Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure)
- A secure version of HTTP, encrypting data between the web browser and server.
- HackBack
- A controversial practice of responding to cyberattacks by attacking the hacker or their infrastructure.
- Hacked IoT Devices
- Internet of Things (IoT) devices that have been compromised to carry out attacks.
- Hacked Web Application
- A web application that has been compromised or exploited by attackers.
- Hacker
- Someone who uses technical skills to explore and manipulate systems, often without permission.
- Hacker
- A person who seeks to gain unauthorized access to systems, often for malicious purposes.
- Hacker Ethic
- A set of principles that guide ethical hackers, emphasizing free access to information and improving security.
- Hacker Group
- A collective of hackers often working together on large-scale cyberattacks.
- Hacker Profiling
- The practice of identifying and analyzing hacker behavior to predict and mitigate future attacks.
- Hacker Reputation Score
- A metric used to assess the trustworthiness or risk associated with an individual hacker or group.
- Hacker Toolkits
- A collection of tools and software that assist hackers in performing various types of cyberattacks.
- Hacker Underground
- An online community or forum where hackers discuss and share information related to cyberattacks.
- Hacking Contest
- A competitive event where ethical hackers attempt to exploit vulnerabilities in a controlled environment.
- Hacking Malware
- Malware designed to be used in hacking activities, often involving exploitation of vulnerabilities.
- Hacking Toolkit
- A set of software tools used by hackers to exploit vulnerabilities and conduct cyberattacks.
- Hacking Tools
- Software or scripts used by attackers to exploit vulnerabilities in a system.
- Hacking Tools Repository
- A location or platform where tools used by hackers are stored or shared.
- Hacking for Defense
- The use of hacking skills in a controlled, ethical environment to improve security measures and systems.
- Hacking-as-a-Service (HaaS)
- Cybercrime services available on the dark web for conducting attacks.
- Hacktivism
- Hacking conducted to promote political or social agendas.
- Hacktivism
- The use of hacking for political or social activism purposes, often targeting government or corporate websites.
- Hacktivist
- An individual who uses hacking for social or political ends.
- Hacktivist Group
- A collective of hackers who use their skills to promote political or social causes.
- Hadoop Security
- Security measures in the Hadoop ecosystem to protect big data environments.
- Haptic Security
- Using tactile feedback as part of a security system, such as in mobile devices or biometric systems.
- Hard Drive Encryption
- Encrypting the entire contents of a hard drive to prevent unauthorized access to the data.
- Hard Drive Wiping
- The process of securely erasing data from a hard drive to prevent data recovery.
- Hardening
- Securing a system by reducing vulnerabilities, such as disabling unnecessary services.
- Hardening
- Strengthening a system or network by eliminating security vulnerabilities.
- Hardening Database
- Security practices applied to databases to prevent unauthorized access and protect data.
- Hardening Guidelines
- Best practices to secure a system by reducing vulnerabilities and minimizing its attack surface.
- Hardware Assisted Virtualization
- Virtualization technology that uses hardware features to improve performance and security in virtual environments.
- Hardware Backdoor
- A secret access point embedded in hardware, often used by malicious actors for undetected entry
- Hardware Encryption
- Using hardware-based solutions to encrypt data, providing a higher level of security than software encryption.
- Hardware Keylogger
- A physical device used to capture keystrokes.
- Hardware Root of Trust
- A secure hardware-based mechanism that provides the foundation for establishing trust in a system.
- Hardware Security Module (HSM)
- A physical device used to manage digital keys securely.
- Hardware Security Module (HSM)
- A physical device used to safeguard and manage cryptographic keys.
- Hardware Security Module (HSM)
- A physical device used to generate, store, and manage cryptographic keys securely.
- Hardware Token
- A physical device used for authentication, like a USB security key.
- Hardware Token
- A physical device used for two-factor authentication.
- Hardware Token Authentication
- A method of authenticating users with a physical device, like a USB key, in addition to traditional login credentials.
- Hardware-Assisted Security
- Using hardware features like Intel SGX to enhance system security.
- Hash Brute-Force Attack
- A method of cracking hashed passwords by systematically trying every possible combination.
- Hash Collision
- When two different inputs produce the same hash value.
- Hash Collision
- When two different inputs produce the same hash, potentially compromising data integrity.
- Hash Collision
- An occurrence where two different inputs produce the same hash output, which can lead to security vulnerabilities.
- Hash Collision Attack
- Exploiting two different inputs producing the same hash value in a hashing algorithm.
- Hash Function
- An algorithm that converts data into a fixed-size string, often used for verifying integrity.
- Hash Function
- A one-way function used in cryptography for verifying data integrity.
- Hash Function Hardening
- Enhancing the security of hash functions to resist attacks like preimage and collision attacks.
- Hash Verification
- Comparing hash values to ensure data integrity and authenticity.
- Hash-Based Message Authentication Code (HMAC)
- A mechanism for verifying data integrity and authenticity using a hash function and a secret key.
- Hashing
- A process of generating a unique fixed-size string from data, used in password storage.
- Hashing
- The process of converting data into a fixed-size string of characters to secure passwords and data.
- Hashing Algorithm
- A mathematical function used to convert data into a fixed-size string, often for security purposes like password storage.
- Health Data Privacy
- Ensuring that health information is kept private and secure, especially in healthcare environments.
- Health Information Privacy
- The protection of health data and privacy, often governed by laws like HIPAA in the United States.
- Heap Overflow
- Exploiting memory management errors to execute malicious code.
- Heap Overflow
- A buffer overflow attack that targets memory allocated on the heap.
- Heap Spray Attack
- Filling memory with malicious payloads to exploit vulnerabilities.
- Heap Spraying
- An attack technique that targets heap memory to exploit vulnerabilities in software.
- Heartbleed
- A vulnerability in OpenSSL that allowed attackers to read sensitive information from affected servers.
- Hedging
- A strategy of using additional security measures to minimize the risk of a cyberattack.
- Heuristic Analysis
- Detecting potential malware based on behavior rather than signatures.
- Heuristic Analysis
- Identifying malware based on behavior rather than signatures.
- Heuristic-Based Detection
- A detection technique that uses algorithms to analyze behavior and identify potential threats based on patterns.
- Hexadecimal Encoding
- The conversion of data into a base-16 format, commonly used in encoding and hashing.
- Hidden Field Exploitation
- The manipulation of hidden form fields in a web application to bypass security checks.
- Hidden Field Manipulation
- Exploiting hidden form fields in web applications to bypass restrictions.
- Hidden Services
- Websites or systems accessible only via anonymized networks like Tor.
- High Availability Security
- Ensuring that critical services remain available during an attack or system failure.
- High-Availability Clustering
- Designing systems to remain operational even during failures or attacks.
- High-Energy Attack
- A type of attack that consumes excessive computational or energy resources, often used in DDoS attacks.
- High-Latency Attack
- An attack that targets the speed and performance of a network by introducing delays, often used in Denial of Service (DoS) attacks.
- High-Level Encryption
- Encryption algorithms that provide robust security, often used for sensitive data protection.
- High-Priority Incident Response
- A strategy to handle security incidents that are considered high-risk or critical, requiring immediate action.
- High-Risk Vulnerability
- A vulnerability that presents a high potential for exploitation and impact if not mitigated.
- Hijacking
- A cyberattack where a hacker takes control of a system, application, or communication session.
- Hollowing
- A technique where a legitimate process is injected with malicious code, often used in malware attacks.
- Homomorphic Encryption
- Encryption that allows computations to be performed on ciphertext without decrypting it.
- Honeyd
- A software tool used to create virtual honeypot systems to deceive attackers.
- Honeyfile
- A decoy file used to detect unauthorized access.
- Honeynet
- A network of honeypots designed to simulate a real environment and detect threats.
- Honeynet
- A network of honeypots used to attract and analyze cyber threats.
- Honeynet
- A network of honeypots designed to attract and monitor attackers.
- Honeynet Analysis
- The process of monitoring and analyzing data from a honeynet to understand attacker tactics.
- Honeypot
- A security mechanism set up to attract and analyze attackers.
- Honeypot
- A decoy system designed to attract and trap attackers in order to learn their techniques and tools.
- Honeypot Configuration
- The setup and management of honeypots for detecting and analyzing cyberattacks.
- Honeypot Deployment
- The process of setting up and configuring honeypots to lure attackers and gather intelligence.
- Honeypot Network
- A decoy network designed to attract attackers and study their behavior.
- Honeypot Network Architecture
- The design of a honeypot network that attracts and traps attackers for research and analysis.
- Honeypot Trap
- A security mechanism designed to attract and trap attackers in order to study their behavior.
- Honeypot Virtualization
- The creation of virtual honeypots to simulate real systems and attract attackers.
- Honeytoken
- A decoy resource planted in a system to detect unauthorized access.
- Honeytokens
- A type of honeypot that involves placing decoy information to detect unauthorized access.
- Honeywall
- A system used to monitor and control honeypots, preventing attackers from gaining real access.
- Host Firewall
- A firewall that runs on an individual device rather than a network-wide appliance.
- Host Integrity Check
- A process that checks the integrity of a host system by verifying its configuration and security settings.
- Host Integrity Monitoring
- Continuous monitoring of a host’s state to detect unauthorized changes or activities.
- Host Intrusion Detection System (HIDS)
- A system for monitoring and detecting suspicious activity on a host.
- Host Intrusion Prevention System (HIPS)
- A security system that monitors and prevents suspicious activity on a host machine.
- Host Isolation
- Segregating a compromised or suspicious host from the network to prevent further harm.
- Host Isolation
- Keeping a compromised or suspicious host isolated from the network to prevent further damage.
- Host Monitoring
- Continuous surveillance of a host’s activities to detect any malicious behavior.
- Host Spoofing
- Impersonating a trusted host to intercept or manipulate network traffic.
- Host Spoofing
- The act of impersonating a trusted device or system to gain unauthorized access.
- Host-Based Encryption
- Encrypting data on individual devices or hosts to protect it from unauthorized access.
- Host-Based Firewall
- A firewall installed on individual computers to protect them from unauthorized access.
- Host-Based Intrusion Detection System (HIDS)
- A system that monitors a host for suspicious activity.
- Host-Based Intrusion Detection System (HIDS)
- A system that monitors and analyzes the activities of a single host for signs of malicious activity.
- Host-Based Network Security
- Security measures implemented on individual hosts (computers or devices) to protect them from network attacks.
- Host-Based Threat Detection
- The detection of malicious activities or threats originating from within the host system.
- Host-based Firewall
- A firewall installed directly on a device to filter incoming and outgoing traffic.
- Hotfix
- A software update to fix a bug or vulnerability.
- Human Firewall
- Training users to recognize and prevent security threats such as phishing or social engineering.
- Hybrid Cloud Architecture
- A computing environment that uses a mix of on-premise, private, and public clouds.
- Hybrid Cloud Security
- Protecting environments that combine public and private cloud resources.
- Hybrid Cloud Security
- Security measures used to protect data and resources across both private and public cloud environments.
- Hybrid Encryption
- Combining both symmetric and asymmetric encryption for secure communication.
- Hybrid Encryption
- Combining symmetric and asymmetric encryption techniques for enhanced security.
- Hybrid Encryption
- A cryptographic technique that combines the strengths of symmetric and asymmetric encryption.
- Hybrid Encryption
- Combining symmetric and asymmetric encryption for secure communication.
- Hybrid Threat Intelligence
- Combining different sources of threat intelligence to create a comprehensive view of emerging threats.
- Hyper-V Security
- Security practices to protect the Hyper-V hypervisor and virtual machines in a Microsoft environment.
- Hyperlink Injection
- The act of inserting malicious hyperlinks into legitimate web pages or content to trick users into clicking.
- Hypertext Security
- Measures to protect web communication protocols like HTTP from exploitation.
- Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure (HTTPS)
- A secure version of HTTP that uses TLS for encryption.
- Hypervisor
- Software that creates and manages virtual machines, allowing multiple operating systems to run on a single hardware system.
- Hypervisor Attack
- A targeted attack against the hypervisor layer of virtualization systems.
- Hypervisor Isolation
- The isolation of virtual machines using a hypervisor to ensure they are securely separated from each other.
- Hypervisor Security
- Safeguarding the layer enabling virtual machines on a system.
- Hypervisor Security
- Protecting virtual machine hypervisors from vulnerabilities and attacks.
I
- IAM (Identity and Access Management)
- Tools and processes to manage user identities and access rights.
- IAM Policy Auditing
- Reviewing Identity and Access Management policies for security gaps.
- IDS (Intrusion Detection System)
- A system that monitors network or system activity for malicious actions.
- IDS (Network Intrusion Detection System)
- NA system that monitors network traffic for suspicious activity.
- IP Address Spoofing
- Creating IP packets with a false source IP address to impersonate another system.
- IP Address Spoofing
- Faking the source IP address in network packets to disguise the sender.
- IP Spoofing
- The act of falsifying the sender’s IP address to mislead the receiver.
- IPSec (Internet Protocol Security)
- A suite of protocols used to secure internet communications.
- ISO 27001
- An international standard for managing information security.
- ISO 27001 Certification
- The certification process for organizations to show they meet international information security management standards.
- ISO/IEC 27001
- An international standard for information security management systems (ISMS).
- Identifying the underlying cause of a security breach or incReputation Spoofingident.Root Cause Analysis (RCA)
- Impersonating trusted entities to deceive users.
- Identifying unauthorized or malicious devices on a networReputation Management Servicesk.Rogue Device Detection
- Tools and services designed to manage an organization’s or individual’s online reputation, especially in security contexts.
- Identity Access Protocol
- A protocol used to authenticate and authorize users based on their digital identity.
- Identity Federation
- Linking a user’s identity across multiple systems or domains.
- Identity Federation
- Linking identities across multiple systems or organizations for unified access.
- Identity Spoofing
- The act of falsifying digital identity information to impersonate another entity or user.
- Identity Theft
- The unauthorized use of someone’s personal information, often for financial gain.
- Identity Theft
- Using someone else’s identity to gain unauthorized access to systems or data.
- Identity Theft
- The fraudulent use of someone else’s personal information, typically for financial gain.
- Identity Token
- A cryptographic object that represents a user’s identity, often used in authentication processes.
- Identity Validation
- Verifying the identity of users or devices to ensure that only authorized entities can access systems.
- Identity Verification Techniques
- Methods used to verify a user’s identity, such as multi-factor authentication or biometrics.
- Identity and Access Management (IAM)
- A framework for managing digital identities and access rights.
- Identity and Access Management (IAM)
- A framework for managing user identities and their access to systems and data.
- Identity as a Service (IDaaS)
- Cloud-based solutions for managing user identities and access.
- Idle Scanning
- A stealthy port scanning technique using a third party to evade detection.
- Image-Based CAPTCHA
- Using images to verify user authenticity and prevent automated attacks.
- Immunization
- Techniques used to protect systems from malware by detecting and eliminating potential threats before they can cause damage.
- Immutable Backup
- A backup that cannot be modified or deleted, often used as protection against ransomware.
- Immutable File System
- A file system that prevents files from being modified or deleted once written.
- Impersonation
- The act of pretending to be someone else, often used in phishing attacks.
- Impersonation Attack
- A type of attack where an attacker pretends to be a legitimate user or system.
- In-House Security Solutions
- Security measures or tools developed internally within an organization rather than purchased externally.
- Inbound Traffic Filtering
- Monitoring and controlling incoming network traffic for threats.
- Incident Correlation
- Connecting related security events to identify larger patterns.
- Incident Correlation
- Linking related security incidents to provide a comprehensive view of an attack.
- Incident Detection
- The process of identifying when a security incident has occurred.
- Incident Forensics
- The process of analyzing security incidents to determine their cause and impact.
- Incident Handler
- A professional responsible for managing security incidents.
- Incident Handling
- The procedures followed by an organization when a security breach or cyberattack occurs.
- Incident Reponse Testing
- The practice of simulating security incidents to assess the effectiveness of an organization’s incident response strategy.
- Incident Response
- The process of managing and addressing security breaches or incidents.
- Incident Response Metrics
- Key performance indicators used to measure the effectiveness of an organization’s response to incidents.
- Incident Response Plan
- A documented procedure for responding to cybersecurity incidents.
- Incident Response Plan
- A documented strategy for addressing and managing the aftermath of a security breach or cyberattack.
- Incident Response Plan (IRP)
- A documented strategy for managing cybersecurity incidents.
- Incident Response Playbooks:
- Predefined procedures for handling specific types of security incidents.
- Incident Retention Policies
- Defining how long security logs and incident records are kept for analysis.
- Incident Ticketing
- A system used to log, track, and manage security incidents within an organization.
- Incident Triage
- Prioritizing and analyzing incidents to determine the appropriate response.
- Incremental Attack
- An attack that is carried out in small, gradual steps to avoid detection.
- Incremental Backup
- A backup method where only changes made since the last backup are saved.
- Indeterminate Access
- A type of security risk where access rights are not clearly defined, increasing vulnerability.
- Indirect Access
- Access to a system or network via third-party services or intermediaries.
- Induction Detection
- A type of security monitoring that identifies potential threats through behavioral analysis.
- Industrial Control System (ICS)
- Systems that control industrial processes, often targeted in cyberattacks.
- Industrial Espionage
- The theft or espionage of proprietary information related to industrial processes, products, or research.
- Information Assurance (IA)
- Ensuring the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of information.
- Information Disclosure
- Unintentionally exposing sensitive information to unauthorized parties.
- Information Security
- Protecting information from unauthorized access, use, disclosure, disruption, or destruction.
- Information Security (InfoSec)
- Protecting information from unauthorized access or alteration.
- Infrastructure Security
- Protecting the physical and virtual infrastructure of an organization from cyber threats.
- Infrastructure as Code (IaC)
- Managing and provisioning infrastructure through code and automation.
- Infrastructure as Code (IaC) Security
- Ensuring secure deployment of cloud infrastructure through automation.
- Infrastructure as Code (IaC) Security
- Protecting IaC environments from misconfigurations and vulnerabilities.
- Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
- A cloud computing model where users can rent IT infrastructure like servers, storage, and networking.
- Initial Access Broker (IAB)
- Cybercriminals specializing in selling access to compromised systems.
- Injection Attack
- An attack that involves inserting malicious code into a program.
- Injection Attack
- An attack where malicious data is inserted into a system, such as SQL injection.
- Injection Attack Mitigation
- Techniques to prevent attacks like SQL injection and cross-site scripting.
- Injection Flaws
- Vulnerabilities where malicious input is processed by a system, leading to exploits.
- Injection Mitigation
- Techniques aimed at preventing various forms of injection attacks, like SQL injection or command injection.
- Input Sanitization
- The process of cleaning user input to prevent malicious code from being executed.
- Input Validation
- Checking user input to prevent injection attacks or other vulnerabilities.
- Input Validation
- Ensuring input data is sanitized to prevent attacks like SQL injection.
- Insecure Deserialization
- A vulnerability where untrusted data is used to manipulate an application.
- Insecure Deserialization
- A vulnerability where untrusted data is deserialized, leading to remote code execution.
- Insider Testing
- Security assessments performed with insider knowledge to identify specific risks.
- Insider Threat
- A security risk posed by individuals within the organization.
- Insider Threat
- A security threat that comes from within an organization, such as a disgruntled employee or contractor.
- Insider Threat Monitoring
- Tracking activities of employees or contractors to detect potential security risks.
- Insider Threats
- Risks posed by employees or contractors with access to systems.
- Integer Overflow Attack
- Exploiting programming errors to cause unexpected results in calculations.
- Integrated Defense System
- A security architecture that combines various defense mechanisms to provide a comprehensive security solution.
- Integrated Security
- A comprehensive security approach where multiple security solutions work together.
- Integrity Check
- A process to verify that data has not been altered.
- Integrity Check
- Verifying that data or files have not been tampered with.
- Integrity Monitoring
- Ensuring that data and systems remain unchanged unless authorized.
- Intellectual Property Protection
- Safeguarding intellectual property from theft, misuse, or unauthorized access.
- Intellectual Property Theft
- The unauthorized use or theft of intellectual property, such as patents, trademarks, or copyrights.
- Intelligent Authentication
- Authentication methods that adapt based on the risk profile or behavior of the user.
- Intelligent Defense Mechanisms
- Systems that use artificial intelligence to detect and respond to security threats.
- Intelligent Security System
- A security solution that uses machine learning and AI to predict and prevent cyberattacks.
- Intelligent Traffic Management
- Techniques for analyzing and managing network traffic in real-time to prevent attacks.
- Interception Proxy
- A tool used to capture and analyze web traffic for vulnerabilities.
- Internal Auditing
- The process of reviewing an organization’s internal security policies and procedures to ensure they are effective.
- Internal Network Segmentation
- Dividing a network into smaller parts to limit the spread of attacks.
- International Security Standard
- A global framework or guideline for maintaining cybersecurity practices and policies.
- Internet Key Exchange (IKE)
- A protocol used in VPNs to set up secure connections.
- Internet Key Exchange (IKE)
- A protocol used in IPsec to set up secure connections.
- Internet Monitoring
- The practice of observing internet traffic for signs of abnormal behavior or potential threats.
- Internet Threat Intelligence
- The process of gathering, analyzing, and sharing information about potential internet-based threats.
- Internet of Things (IoT)
- The network of interconnected devices that communicate and exchange data.
- Interruption of Service
- A form of cyberattack aimed at disrupting the normal operation of a system or network.
- Intrusion Analysis
- The examination and evaluation of potential security breaches to identify patterns and causes.
- Intrusion Analysis Tools
- Software tools designed to help security professionals detect and analyze intrusion attempts.
- Intrusion Detection System (IDS)
- A system that monitors network traffic for signs of malicious activity or policy violations.
- Intrusion Prevention System (IPS)
- A network security system that actively blocks threats.
- Intrusion Prevention System (IPS)
- A security system that not only detects but also prevents potential intrusions in real-time.
- Intrusion Prevention System (IPS)
- A system that actively blocks detected threats.
- Intrusion Risk Management
- The process of identifying, assessing, and mitigating the risks associated with security breaches.
- IoT Botnet
- A network of infected IoT devices used in cyberattacks like DDoS.
- IoT Botnets
- Networks of compromised Internet of Things devices used for malicious activities like DDoS attacks.
- IoT Security
- Protection of Internet of Things devices from vulnerabilities.
- IoT Security
- Security measures specifically designed to protect Internet of Things devices from vulnerabilities.
- IoT Security Gateways
- Devices that protect IoT networks from external threats.
- Isolated Environment
- A controlled area where sensitive data or operations are kept separate from other systems to prevent contamination.
- Isolated Execution Environment
- A secured area of a processor used for running trusted code.
- Isolation Techniques
- Methods to separate systems or applications to prevent cross-contamination in attacks.
- Isolation of Critical Assets
- The practice of separating key systems and data from other network resources to protect them from attacks.
- inimum Viable Security
- MThe basic level of security that must be implemented in a system or application to prevent most common attacks.
J
- JAR File (Java ARchive)
- A package file format used for Java classes, sometimes targeted by malware.
- JAR File Exploits
- Leveraging vulnerabilities in Java Archive (JAR) files to execute malicious code.
- JDBC Injection
- Injecting malicious SQL commands through the Java Database Connectivity layer to compromise databases.
- JIT Compiler Exploits
- Attacks targeting vulnerabilities in Just-In-Time compilation processes for dynamic code execution.
- JIT Hardening
- Strengthening security in Just-In-Time execution environments to resist attacks.
- JIT Memory Corruption
- A type of vulnerability in Just-In-Time compilers that leads to memory corruption and potential exploits.
- JIT-Compiled Code
- Machine code generated dynamically during program execution, potentially vulnerable to attacks targeting runtime execution.
- JNDI Injection
- Exploiting vulnerabilities in Java Naming and Directory Interface to gain unauthorized access to resources.
- JQuery Exploits
- Security vulnerabilities in the popular JQuery JavaScript library, which can lead to cross-site scripting attacks.
- JSON Hijacking
- A type of attack that exploits JSON objects to steal sensitive information from web applications.
- JSON Injection
- An attack where malicious JSON code is inserted into a web application to exploit vulnerabilities.
- JSON Web Token (JWT)
- A compact, URL-safe means of representing claims for web authentication.
- JSON Web Token (JWT)
- A compact token format used for securely transmitting information between parties.
- JSON Web Token Expiry
- Security measures ensuring that JWTs expire after a certain time to mitigate misuse.
- JSP Injection
- Injecting malicious code into Java Server Pages (JSP) to exploit vulnerabilities and gain unauthorized access.
- JScript Injection
- A form of attack similar to JavaScript injection, targeting Internet Explorer’s proprietary scripting engine.
- JTAG (Joint Test Action Group)
- A standard for debugging embedded systems, sometimes targeted for hardware attacks.
- JTAG Exploits
- Attacking hardware systems through their Joint Test Action Group (JTAG) debugging interfaces.
- JTAG Security
- Securing the debugging interfaces of embedded systems, which can be exploited for attacks.
- JTR (John the Ripper)
- A popular password cracking tool used in penetration testing and hacking.
- JVM Classloader Exploit
- Leveraging the classloader in the JVM to load malicious code into a Java application.
- JVM Exploits
- Vulnerabilities within the Java Virtual Machine that can be exploited for malicious purposes.
- JWT (JSON Web Token)
- A compact, URL-safe method for representing claims between two parties.
- JWT Expiry Validation
- Ensuring tokens expire as expected to prevent misuse.
- JWT Injection
- A type of attack that manipulates JWT tokens to gain unauthorized access or tamper with web authentication.
- JWT Replay Attacks
- Attacks where JSON Web Tokens are captured and replayed to gain unauthorized access.
- JWT Token Manipulation
- Altering or forging JSON Web Tokens to bypass authentication mechanisms and gain unauthorized access.
- JWT Token Security
- Safeguarding JSON Web Tokens used for authentication and secure data exchange.
- JWT Vulnerability
- Security flaws in JSON Web Tokens, often due to improper implementation.
- Jabberwocky
- A type of advanced, often jargon-heavy language used in cyberattacks to confuse victims.
- Jacking
- A form of cyberattack where the attacker takes control of a session or transaction, often referred to as session jacking.
- Jacking Attack
- An attack where the attacker takes control of a session or transaction, commonly seen in session hijacking.
- Jacking Attack Mitigation
- Methods for preventing session hijacking or transaction jacking by securing user sessions.
- Jacking Proxy
- A technique that uses a proxy server to intercept and modify communications, often used for malicious purposes.
- Jacking Proxy
- Using a proxy server to hijack and manipulate communications between clients and servers.
- Jacking Proxy Server
- An attack involving a proxy server to intercept and modify communications between the client and server.
- Jackpotting
- A type of ATM attack where criminals manipulate a machine to dispense large sums of money.
- Jailbreak Detection
- Methods used to detect devices that have been modified to bypass security restrictions.
- Jailbreak Detection Tools
- Software designed to detect whether a mobile device has been jailbroken.
- Jailbreak Malware
- Malware designed to exploit vulnerabilities in jailbroken devices, commonly targeting smartphones.
- Jailbreaking
- Removing restrictions from a device (like iPhones) to allow unauthorized software installation.
- Jailbreaking
- Bypassing restrictions on devices, such as iOS, to access unauthorized features or applications.
- Jailbreaking Detection
- Identifying devices that have been jailbroken to bypass security controls.
- Jailbreaking Detection in Mobile Devices
- The process of identifying mobile devices that have been jailbroken to circumvent security measures.
- Jailbreaking Risks
- The risks associated with jailbreaking devices, such as exposure to malware or loss of security features.
- JailbreakingJitterbug Attack
- A type of DoS attack targeting the jitter in network traffic to overload systems.
- Jamming
- An attack that disrupts wireless communication by overwhelming it with noise or interference.
- Jamming Attack
- Disrupting wireless communications by overwhelming the frequency with noise or signals.
- Jamming Attack
- Disrupting wireless communications by overwhelming the network with interference.
- Jamming Detection
- The process of identifying and mitigating jamming attacks in wireless communication systems.
- Jamming Signal
- The use of disruptive signals to prevent devices or communications from functioning correctly.
- Java Applet
- A small application that runs within a web browser, historically vulnerable to security flaws.
- Java Applet Attacks
- Exploiting insecure Java applets embedded in web applications.
- Java Code Obfuscation
- The practice of making Java code hard to understand or reverse-engineer to protect intellectual property.
- Java Deserialization Attack
- Exploiting vulnerabilities in the deserialization process of Java objects.
- Java Deserialization Vulnerability
- An issue that occurs when untrusted data is deserialized in Java applications, leading to security risks.
- Java Heap Overflow
- A vulnerability in Java applications caused by improper management of heap memory, leading to buffer overflows.
- Java Heap Overflow Mitigation
- Techniques to prevent heap overflow vulnerabilities in Java applications.
- Java Injection
- Inserting malicious code into Java applications to alter execution flow or steal data.
- Java Keystore Security
- Safeguarding cryptographic keys stored in Java Keystores (JKS).
- Java Method Hijacking
- Exploiting flaws in method invocation to execute malicious code in a Java environment.
- Java Object Injection
- Injecting malicious objects into Java applications to cause unexpected behavior or remote code execution.
- Java RMI (Remote Method Invocation)
- A Java API that allows objects to communicate over a network, potentially targeted for exploits.
- Java Reverse Engineering
- Techniques for decompiling or reverse-engineering Java code to uncover vulnerabilities.
- Java Sandbox
- A security mechanism in Java for isolating potentially unsafe code execution.
- Java Sandbox Bypass
- Exploiting vulnerabilities to escape the restrictions of Java’s sandbox.
- Java Sandboxing Bypass
- Exploiting vulnerabilities in the Java sandboxing mechanism to run unauthorized code.
- Java Security Manager
- A security framework that controls what resources Java applications can access.
- Java Security Manager
- A framework for defining access controls within Java applications.
- Java SecurityJamming
- Disrupting communication or signal transmission, often in wireless systems, to prevent proper communication.
- Java Virtual Machine (JVM) Security
- Protection of the JVM environment to prevent exploitation of vulnerabilities in Java applications.
- Java Virtual Machine (JVM) Security
- Ensuring the security of applications running within the JVM.
- Java Virtual Machine Hardening
- Securing the JVM environment against exploits and vulnerabilities, particularly those that affect runtime execution.
- Java Vulnerabilities
- Exploitable flaws in the Java platform, often targeted by attackers.
- Java Vulnerability
- Any security flaw found in Java, a frequent target due to its widespread use.
- JavaScript Injection
- Inserting malicious JavaScript into web applications to exploit vulnerabilities.
- JavaScript Injection
- Injecting malicious JavaScript code into web pages to exploit vulnerabilities.
- JavaScript Injection Prevention
- Techniques to mitigate injection of malicious JavaScript code.
- JavaScript Obfuscation
- The practice of making JavaScript code difficult to understand in order to protect it from reverse engineering.
- JavaScript Obfuscation
- Hiding the intent of JavaScript code to protect it or evade detection.
- JavaScript Reverse Engineering
- Techniques used to reverse-engineer obfuscated JavaScript code to uncover vulnerabilities.
- JavaScript Sandboxing
- A method to isolate JavaScript execution from the rest of the system to prevent malicious behavior.
- Jenkins Exploits
- Attacks targeting vulnerabilities within the Jenkins automation server, often used in DevOps environments.
- Jenkins Security
- Securing the Jenkins automation server from vulnerabilities and unauthorized access.
- Jigsaw Malware
- A type of ransomware that encrypts files and demands payment to decrypt them, often with escalating threats.
- Jigsaw Ransomware
- A form of ransomware that encrypts files and displays a message threatening further encryption if a ransom isn’t paid.
- Jitter Analysis
- Analyzing network packet delays to detect anomalies or intrusions.
- Jitter Analysis Tools
- Software used to monitor and analyze network jitter to detect potential attacks or network performance issues.
- Jitter Attack
- An attack that targets network latency and jitter to disrupt communications or system performance.
- Jitter Buffer Overflow
- A vulnerability in network communication protocols where buffer overflows can occur due to excessive jitter.
- Jitter Buffering
- A technique used in VoIP systems to smooth out variations in network jitter.
- Jitter-based Attack Mitigation
- Techniques used to reduce the impact of jitter-based attacks in communication systems.
- Jitter-based Network Attack
- An attack that manipulates network jitter to degrade performance or create disruptions.
- Job Automation Security
- Ensuring that automated job processes do not introduce security risks into systems.
- Job Control Language (JCL)
- A scripting language for mainframe computers, potentially a target for legacy attacks.
- Job Control Language (JCL)
- Scripts used to manage batch jobs, which can be targeted in cyberattacks.
- Job Description SpoofingJailbreak Malware
- Malware designed to exploit vulnerabilities in jailbroken devices, often targeting mobile platforms.
- Job Execution Integrity
- Verifying that scheduled jobs execute as intended without tampering.
- Job Process Security
- Ensuring that automated job processes and workflows are securely configured to avoid attacks.
- Job Queue Monitoring
- Ensuring that task queues are secure and free from malicious entries.
- Job Role-Based Access Control
- Assigning permissions based on specific job responsibilities.
- Job Scheduling
- Automating tasks on a server, which can be exploited if not securely configured.
- Job Scheduling Exploits
- Targeting vulnerabilities in automated job scheduling software to gain unauthorized access or manipulate tasks.
- Job Scheduling Security
- Ensuring scheduled processes or tasks in enterprise systems are not compromised.
- Job Scheduling Security
- Protecting scheduled tasks and jobs from unauthorized manipulation.
- Joint Authorization Board (JAB)
- A federal board overseeing security assessments in cloud services.
- Joint Cyber Defense Collaborative (JCDC)
- A public-private partnership focused on improving cybersecurity defenses across sectors.
- Joint Cybersecurity Exercises
- Collaborative drills between various organizations to prepare for and test cybersecurity defenses.
- Joint Intelligence Cyber Group (JICG)
- A collaborative group focused on intelligence-sharing and joint cyber defense efforts.
- Joomla Security
- The security measures implemented to protect the Joomla content management system from vulnerabilities.
- Journal File Security
- Protecting system logs and journals from unauthorized access.
- Journaled File System
- A file system that logs changes before implementing them, aiding in recovery but also targeted in attacks.
- Judgment Error
- A mistake in evaluating the severity or impact of a threat, which can result in inadequate defense measures.
- Juice Jacking
- Data theft or malware installation through public charging stations.
- Jumbo Frame Attack
- An attack leveraging oversized network packets to overwhelm network devices or bypass security filters.
- Jumbo Frames
- Larger-than-usual network packets that can sometimes be exploited in DoS attacks.
- Jump Attack
- An attack where the attacker leverages a series of vulnerabilities to bypass security measures quickly.
- Jump Box Misconfigurations
- Weaknesses in intermediary systems used for secure system access.
- Jump Host Misconfigurations
- Weaknesses in jump servers used for secure access to critical systems.
- Jump Host Security
- Protecting intermediary systems used to access secure environments.
- Jump Server
- A system that allows access to secure environments, often serving as a hardened gateway.
- Jump Server
- A secure, intermediary system used to access other systems in a controlled environment.
- Jump Server
- A secure intermediary server that allows controlled access to other network segments.
- Jump Server Access Control
- Ensuring that access to jump servers is properly secured and monitored to prevent unauthorized access.
- Jump Server Authentication
- Implementing secure authentication mechanisms for users accessing systems through jump servers.
- Jump Server Monitoring
- Tracking access and activities on jump servers for anomalies.
- Jump Server Security
- Implementing security measures to protect the servers that act as intermediaries for accessing secure systems.
- Junk Data
- Non-essential data that may be used in attacks to confuse security systems or waste resources.
- Junk Email Filtering
- Techniques for filtering out unsolicited or malicious emails to prevent phishing attacks.
- Jupyter Notebook Exploitation
- Exploiting weaknesses in Jupyter Notebooks for unauthorized access or remote code execution.
- Jupyter Notebook Security
- Protecting interactive computing environments from unauthorized access or exploits.
- Jupyter Notebooks SecurityJSP (JavaServer Pages) Security
- Protecting Java-based web applications that use JSP from security threats such as injection attacks.
- Jurisdictional Boundaries
- Legal limitations and challenges in cybersecurity across different regions or countries.
- Just-In-Time (JIT) Access
- Granting temporary access to resources only when needed, reducing exposure.
- Just-In-Time Access
- Granting temporary access to systems only when needed, reducing exposure.
- Just-In-Time Compilation (JIT) Security
- Protecting systems from vulnerabilities in JIT compilers.
- Just-in-Time (JIT) Access
- Granting users access to resources only when needed, reducing exposure.
- Just-in-Time (JIT) Compilation Security
- Protecting vulnerabilities in dynamic code execution during JIT compilation.
- Justification of Access
- Ensuring access to resources is properly warranted and documented.
K
- KAP (Key Agreement Protocol)
- A protocol for secure exchange and agreement on cryptographic keys.
- KCA (Key Certificate Authority)
- An authority responsible for issuing key certificates for secure communications.
- KDA (Key Distribution Attack)
- An attack aimed at disrupting or manipulating the distribution of cryptographic keys.
- KDC (Key Distribution Center)
- A service in Kerberos that authenticates users and provides them with session keys for secure communication.
- KDC Ticket Expiration
- The time limit after which a Kerberos ticket becomes invalid.
- KDM (Key Distribution Method)
- A method used to securely distribute cryptographic keys to authorized parties.
- KMP (Key Management Protocol)
- A protocol for managing and distributing cryptographic keys securely.
- KPA Attack
- A type of attack in which an attacker uses known plaintext to decipher ciphertext.
- KPI (Key Performance Indicator) for Security
- Metrics used to measure the effectiveness of security controls and processes.
- KQL (Kusto Query Language)
- A language used for querying large datasets, often used in cybersecurity log analysis.
- KSP (Key Security Policy)
- A security policy governing how cryptographic keys are generated, used, and managed.
- KTI (Key Trust Infrastructure)
- An infrastructure designed to support and manage the trust of cryptographic keys.
- Kali Linux
- A popular Linux distribution used for penetration testing and security auditing.
- Kali Linux
- A Linux distribution specifically designed for penetration testing and security auditing.
- Kali Tools
- A collection of tools included in the Kali Linux distribution used for penetration testing, vulnerability analysis, and exploitation.
- Kaspersky Anti-Rootkit
- A tool used by Kaspersky to detect and remove rootkits from infected systems.
- Kaspersky SandboxKPA (Known-Plaintext Attack)
- A cryptographic attack where an attacker knows part of the plaintext.
- Kaspersky Security Center
- A management console for deploying and controlling Kaspersky products.
- KasperskyKernel Panic
- A critical error that occurs in the kernel of an operating system.
- Kdump
- A Linux utility used to capture the memory dump in case of a kernel crash.
- Kerberized Application
- An application that uses Kerberos for authentication and security.
- Kerberoasting
- A post-exploitation technique to crack Kerberos service account passwords.
- Kerberos
- A network authentication protocol using tickets to provide secure identity verification.
- Kerberos Authentication
- A network authentication protocol that uses secret-key cryptography to provide secure authentication.
- Kerberos Authentication Ticket
- A token issued by the Kerberos KDC to authenticate users or services.
- Kerberos AuthenticationKey Exchange Protocols
- Protocols like Diffie-Hellman that securely exchange cryptographic keys.
- Kerberos Client
- A client that interacts with the Kerberos server for authentication services.
- Kerberos Encryption
- The encryption system used by Kerberos for secure authentication and communication.
- Kerberos Server
- A server that authenticates users and provides tickets for secure communication.
- Kermode
- A term referring to the methodical deployment of cybersecurity practices in industrial control systems.
- Kernel
- The core component of an operating system, managing resources and hardware.
- Kernel Address Space Layout Randomization (KASLR)
- A security technique to randomize kernel memory to prevent exploits.
- Kernel Control Flow Integrity
- A security technique that prevents attackers from altering the kernel’s control flow.
- Kernel Debugging Prevention
- Protecting systems from unauthorized kernel-level debugging attempts.
- Kernel Exploit
- An attack targeting vulnerabilities in an operating system’s kernel.
- Kernel Exploit
- An attack targeting vulnerabilities in the operating system’s kernel.
- Kernel Exploits
- Attacks targeting the operating system’s kernel for elevated privileges.
- Kernel Integrity Check
- Validating the integrity of the operating system kernel to detect tampering.
- Kernel Integrity Monitoring
- Tools that ensure the OS kernel hasn’t been tampered with.
- Kernel Isolation
- Techniques used to isolate the kernel from user applications to enhance security.
- Kernel Module Security
- Safeguarding dynamic kernel extensions from unauthorized access or modification.
- Kernel Rootkit
- A type of rootkit that targets a system’s kernel to gain high-level control over the operating system.
- Kernel Rootkit
- A malicious program designed to hide in the OS kernel and evade detection.
- Kernel Rootkit Detection
- Tools and techniques used to identify rootkits hiding in the OS kernel.
- Kernel Security Patch
- A software update that fixes security vulnerabilities in the kernel.
- Kernel Vulnerabilities
- Weaknesses in the kernel of an operating system that can be exploited.
- Key Acceleration
- Techniques used to speed up key generation or key exchange in cryptographic systems.
- Key Agreement Protocols
- Mechanisms ensuring secure key exchanges between parties.
- Key Agreement Scheme
- A cryptographic scheme to facilitate secure key exchanges between parties.
- Key Collisions
- A situation in cryptography where two different inputs produce the same output (hash).
- Key Compromise
- The loss or theft of a cryptographic key, leading to potential security breaches.
- Key Distribution Center (KDC)
- A server in Kerberos that issues tickets for authentication.
- Key Distribution Center (KDC)
- A server in Kerberos that issues ticket-granting tickets for secure access.
- Key Distribution Center (KDC)Kill Chain Analysis
- Examining the stages of a cyberattack to understand and counter threats.
- Key Duplication
- The process of copying cryptographic keys, often a target for attackers.
- Key EncryptionKaaS (Key-as-a-Service)
- A cloud-based service for managing cryptographic keys.
- Key Escrow
- A system in which encryption keys are held by a third party for access if necessary.
- Key Escrow
- A method where encryption keys are held by a third party for recovery purposes.
- Key Escrow
- A system where encryption keys are stored by a trusted third party, allowing them to be recovered under specific conditions.
- Key Escrow
- A process where cryptographic keys are held by a third party for backup or recovery purposes.
- Key Escrow Agent
- A trusted third party responsible for managing encryption keys in an escrow system.
- Key Exchange
- A cryptographic protocol allowing secure exchange of keys over an untrusted network.
- Key Extraction
- Recovering cryptographic keys through physical or side-channel attacks.
- Key Fingerprint
- A unique representation of a cryptographic key, used to verify its authenticity.
- Key Length Attack
- An attack that targets weak cryptographic algorithms with short key lengths.
- Key Management
- The process of handling cryptographic keys securely throughout their lifecycle.
- Key Management Service (KMS)
- A solution for managing cryptographic keys within organizations.
- Key Pair
- A set of keys (public and private) used in asymmetric encryption.
- Key Pair Rotation
- Regularly updating cryptographic key pairs to enhance security.
- Key Pruning
- The process of removing old or unused keys to improve security and manageability.
- Key Removal
- The process of safely removing cryptographic keys from systems or hardware after use.
- Key Revocation
- Disabling cryptographic keys to prevent their future use.
- Key Rotation Interval
- The predefined time period after which cryptographic keys are changed.
- Key Settlement
- The agreement process in which parties exchange and validate cryptographic keys.
- Key Signing Ceremony
- A formal process for generating and verifying cryptographic keys in high-security environments.
- Key Size
- The length of an encryption key, affecting the strength of the encryption.
- Key Stretching
- Strengthening weak keys by applying additional cryptographic operations.
- Key Tampering
- The unauthorized modification of cryptographic keys to facilitate a security breach.
- Key Throttling
- The practice of limiting the number of key exchanges to prevent brute-force attacks.
- Key Trust Model
- A security model where the trust is placed on the key management system.
- Key Under Management
- Cryptographic keys that are actively being handled or maintained for security.
- Key Usage Restrictions
- Policies that define how specific cryptographic keys can be used.
- Key Wrapping
- Encrypting one cryptographic key with another for secure storage or transfer.
- Keyed Hash
- A cryptographic function that combines a secret key with data for security.
- Keyless Authentication
- Authentication methods that don’t rely on cryptographic keys, like biometrics.
- Keylogger
- A malicious program that records keystrokes to steal sensitive information.
- Keylogger
- Malicious software designed to record keystrokes to capture sensitive data such as passwords.
- Keylogger Detection
- Identifying and mitigating software or hardware keylogging attempts.
- Keylogger Malware
- Malicious software designed to record keystrokes for stealing sensitive information.
- Keylogging Prevention
- Techniques and tools to block software or hardware keyloggers.
- Keystream Analysis
- Examining the sequence of bits in encryption to detect vulnerabilities.
- Keystream Security
- Protecting cryptographic keystreams used in encryption algorithms.
- Keystroke Dynamics
- A behavioral biometric that analyzes typing patterns for authentication.
- Keystroke Dynamics
- A biometric technique used to authenticate users based on their typing patterns.
- Keystroke Dynamics
- Behavioral biometrics analyzing typing patterns for authentication.
- Kill Chain
- A model describing the stages of a cyberattack, from initial reconnaissance to data exfiltration.
- Kill Chain
- A model used to describe the stages of a cyberattack, from initial reconnaissance to final objectives.
- Kill Switch
- A mechanism to quickly shut down systems or applications in the event of an attack.
- KinesisKDC Database
- A database in the Key Distribution Center that stores user credentials and tickets.
- Kiosk Attack
- A cyberattack targeting devices in kiosk mode, exploiting their limited functionality.
- Kiosk Device Security
- Safeguarding kiosk devices, which are often used in public places, from cyber threats.
- Kiosk Mode
- A secure mode in which devices, such as tablets or computers, are locked down to a single application or service.
- Kismet
- A wireless network detector and sniffer tool used for network analysis and security testing.
- Kiting
- A network attack that involves the temporary allocation of resources to create a distraction or vulnerability.
- Knock Knock Attack
- An attack that involves repeatedly trying to access a service by sending multiple requests and guessing access credentials.
- Knowledge Base Attack
- Exploiting publicly available knowledge to bypass security defenses.
- Knowledge Discovery
- The process of identifying patterns in data, including security event data.
- Knowledge-Based Attacks
- Attacks that rely on information such as personal knowledge to trick users, like in social engineering.
- Knowledge-Based Authentication (KBA)
- Security questions based on user-provided information, often targeted by attackers.
- Knowledge-Based Detection
- Using patterns or known information to detect potential threats.
- Knowledge-Based Exploit
- An exploit based on obtaining confidential information, often used in social engineering.
- Known Exploited Vulnerabilities (KEV)K-anonymity
- A privacy-preserving technique that makes it difficult to identify individuals in data sets by ensuring that each person is indistinguishable from at least k-1 others.
- Known Good Configuration
- A trusted system configuration that is used as a baseline for restoring systems after an attack.
- Known Good Key
- A cryptographic key that is known to be secure and trusted.
- Known Vulnerabilities
- Publicly disclosed flaws in software or systems that require patching.
- Known Vulnerability Database
- A repository of known vulnerabilities in software and hardware systems.
- Krypto-Hashing
- A technique used to hash data securely using cryptographic algorithms.
- Kryptoanarchism
- A movement advocating for the use of cryptography to protect personal freedoms and privacy.
- Kryptos
- A famous sculpture at the CIA headquarters containing a cipher, often cited in cybersecurity discussions around cryptography and puzzle-solving.
- Kryptos Cryptography
- The encryption technique used in the Kryptos sculpture at CIA headquarters.
- Kryptos Puzzle
- A famous cryptographic challenge associated with the CIA’s Kryptos sculpture.
- Kubelet
- The primary node agent that ensures containers run in Kubernetes clusters.
- Kubernetes Pod Security
- Security mechanisms designed to protect individual pods within a Kubernetes cluster.
- Kubernetes Role-Based Access Control (RBAC)
- A method for regulating access to Kubernetes resources based on users’ roles.
- Kubernetes Security
- Protecting container orchestration platforms from attacks.
- Kubernetes Security
- The practices and tools used to secure containerized applications managed by Kubernetes.
- Kubernetes Security
- Measures to secure container orchestration platforms like Kubernetes.
L
- LDAP (Lightweight Directory Access Protocol)
- A protocol used to access and manage directory information.
M
- Machine Learning Classification
- A type of machine learning technique used to categorize data, often used for detecting cybersecurity threats like phishing or malware.
- Machine Learning Classification
- A type of machine learning technique used to categorize data, often used for detecting cybersecurity threats like phishing or malware.
- Machine Learning Classification
- A type of machine learning technique used to categorize data, often used for detecting cybersecurity threats like phishing or malware.
- Machine Learning Model
- An algorithm trained to identify patterns and make predictions, often used for cybersecurity threat detection.
- Machine Learning Model
- An algorithm trained to identify patterns and make predictions, often used for cybersecurity threat detection.
- Machine Learning Model
- An algorithm trained to identify patterns and make predictions, often used for cybersecurity threat detection.
- Machine Learning Model
- An algorithm trained to identify patterns and make predictions, often used for cybersecurity threat detection.
- Machine-to-Machine Communication Security
- Security measures that protect data exchanged between devices in an IoT or M2M system.
- Machine-to-Machine Communication Security
- Security measures that protect data exchanged between devices in an IoT or M2M system.
- Machine-to-Machine Communication Security
- Security measures that protect data exchanged between devices in an IoT or M2M system.
- Malicious Actor
- An individual or group that deliberately attempts to exploit or harm a computer system, network, or data.
- Malicious Actor
- An individual or group that deliberately attempts to exploit or harm a computer system, network, or data.
- Malicious Actor
- An individual or group that deliberately attempts to exploit or harm a computer system, network, or data.
- Malicious Domain
- A domain name used for cybercrime activities, such as hosting malware, phishing sites, or other malicious content.
- Malicious Domain
- A domain name used for cybercrime activities, such as hosting malware, phishing sites, or other malicious content.
- Malicious Domain
- A domain name used for cybercrime activities, such as hosting malware, phishing sites, or other malicious content.
- Malicious Intent Detection
- The process of identifying actions or behaviors that suggest an attacker or insider threat, typically through anomaly detection or behavioral analysis.
- Malicious Intent Detection
- The process of identifying actions or behaviors that suggest an attacker or insider threat, typically through anomaly detection or behavioral analysis.
- Malicious Link Detection
- The process of identifying harmful URLs that could lead to phishing websites or deliver malware when clicked.
- Malicious Link Detection
- The process of identifying harmful URLs that could lead to phishing websites or deliver malware when clicked.
- Malicious Link Detection
- The process of identifying harmful URLs that could lead to phishing websites or deliver malware when clicked.
- Malicious software used to hijack computing power for cryptocurrency mining.
- Malicious software used to hijack computing power for cryptocurrency mining.
- Malware Attack Vectors
- The pathways or methods used by malware to enter a system or network, such as email attachments, infected websites, or malicious downloads.
- Malware Attack Vectors
- The pathways or methods used by malware to enter a system or network, such as email attachments, infected websites, or malicious downloads.
- Malware Behavior Analysis
- The process of studying the actions and effects of malware to understand how it operates and how to mitigate its impact.
- Malware Behavior Analysis
- The process of studying the actions and effects of malware to understand how it operates and how to mitigate its impact.
- Malware Behavior Analysis
- The process of studying the actions and effects of malware to understand how it operates and how to mitigate its impact.
- Malware Behavior Analysis
- The process of studying the actions and effects of malware to understand how it operates and how to mitigate its impact.
- Malware Campaign
- A coordinated effort to spread malicious software, often targeting multiple systems or organizations.
- Malware Campaign
- A coordinated effort to spread malicious software, often targeting multiple systems or organizations.
- Malware Campaign
- A coordinated effort to spread malicious software, often targeting multiple systems or organizations.
- Malware Code Analysis
- The process of examining the code of malware to understand how it operates and how to mitigate its effects.
- Malware Code Analysis
- The process of examining the code of malware to understand how it operates and how to mitigate its effects.
- Malware Detection Algorithm
- A computational method used to identify and flag malicious software based on its behavior, signature, or other characteristics.
- Malware Detection Algorithm
- A computational method used to identify and flag malicious software based on its behavior, signature, or other characteristics.
- Malware Detection Algorithm
- A computational method used to identify and flag malicious software based on its behavior, signature, or other characteristics.
- Malware Detection System
- A system that automatically identifies and flags suspicious software, typically through signature matching or behavioral analysis.
- Malware Detection System
- A system that automatically identifies and flags suspicious software, typically through signature matching or behavioral analysis.
- Malware Detection System
- A system that automatically identifies and flags suspicious software, typically through signature matching or behavioral analysis.
- Malware Detection Toolkits
- Software tools used to identify and analyze malicious software, such as antivirus programs and malware scanners.
- Malware Detection Toolkits
- Software tools used to identify and analyze malicious software, such as antivirus programs and malware scanners.
- Malware Execution Environment
- A controlled environment used to observe the behavior and impact of malware without endangering real systems.
- Malware Execution Environment
- A controlled environment used to observe the behavior and impact of malware without endangering real systems.
- Malware Execution Environment
- A controlled environment used to observe the behavior and impact of malware without endangering real systems.
- Malware Exploitation
- The process by which malware takes advantage of vulnerabilities to execute malicious actions on a system.
- Malware Exploitation
- The process by which malware takes advantage of vulnerabilities to execute malicious actions on a system.
- Malware Exploitation
- The process by which malware takes advantage of vulnerabilities to execute malicious actions on a system.
- Malware Forensics
- The practice of investigating malware to understand its origin, spread, and effects, often used for criminal investigations.
- Malware Forensics
- The practice of investigating malware to understand its origin, spread, and effects, often used for criminal investigations.
- Malware Forensics
- The practice of investigating malware to understand its origin, spread, and effects, often used for criminal investigations.
- Malware Isolation
- The practice of separating infected systems or files from the rest of the network to prevent the spread of malware.
- Malware Isolation
- The practice of separating infected systems or files from the rest of the network to prevent the spread of malware.
- Malware Obfuscation Techniques
- Methods used by cybercriminals to hide or disguise the true nature of malware, making it harder to detect.
- Malware Obfuscation Techniques
- Methods used by cybercriminals to hide or disguise the true nature of malware, making it harder to detect.
- Malware Obfuscation Techniques
- Methods used by cybercriminals to hide or disguise the true nature of malware, making it harder to detect.
- Malware Obfuscation Techniques
- Methods used by cybercriminals to hide or disguise the true nature of malware, making it harder to detect.
- Malware Payload
- The part of the malware that carries out the intended malicious action, such as stealing data or corrupting files.
- Malware Payload
- The part of the malware that carries out the intended malicious action, such as stealing data or corrupting files.
- Malware Protection Suite
- A comprehensive set of tools designed to detect, remove, and protect systems from various forms of malware.
- Malware Protection Suite
- A comprehensive set of tools designed to detect, remove, and protect systems from various forms of malware.
- Malware Protection Suite
- A comprehensive set of tools designed to detect, remove, and protect systems from various forms of malware.
- Malware Resistance
- The ability of a system to resist or prevent malware from infecting or compromising its integrity.
- Malware Resistance
- The ability of a system to resist or prevent malware from infecting or compromising its integrity.
- Malware Resistance
- The ability of a system to resist or prevent malware from infecting or compromising its integrity.
- Man-in-the-App Attack
- A type of attack where an attacker manipulates the communication between a mobile app and its server to intercept or alter data.
- Man-in-the-App Attack
- A type of attack where an attacker manipulates the communication between a mobile app and its server to intercept or alter data.
- Man-in-the-Middle Attack Prevention
- Measures taken to prevent attackers from intercepting and potentially altering communications between two parties.
- Man-in-the-Middle Attack Prevention
- Measures taken to prevent attackers from intercepting and potentially altering communications between two parties.
- Man-in-the-Middle Attack Prevention
- Measures taken to prevent attackers from intercepting and potentially altering communications between two parties.
- Man-in-the-Middle Attack Prevention
- Measures taken to prevent attackers from intercepting and potentially altering communications between two parties.
- Man-in-the-Middle Proxy Server
- A server used by attackers to intercept and manipulate communications between two parties, often used in MitM attacks.
- Man-in-the-Middle Proxy Server
- A server used by attackers to intercept and manipulate communications between two parties, often used in MitM attacks.
- Man-in-the-Middle Proxy Server
- A server used by attackers to intercept and manipulate communications between two parties, often used in MitM attacks.
- Managed Detection and Response Tools
- Security tools provided by third-party services that help detect, analyze, and respond to security incidents.
- Managed Detection and Response Tools
- Security tools provided by third-party services that help detect, analyze, and respond to security incidents.
- Managed Detection and Response Tools
- Security tools provided by third-party services that help detect, analyze, and respond to security incidents.
- Managed Endpoints
- Devices (such as computers or mobile phones) that are monitored and secured by a third-party service provider for cybersecurity purposes.
- Managed Endpoints
- Devices (such as computers or mobile phones) that are monitored and secured by a third-party service provider for cybersecurity purposes.
- Managed Firewall
- A firewall service that is configured, monitored, and maintained by a third-party provider to protect against external threats.
- Managed Firewall
- A firewall service that is configured, monitored, and maintained by a third-party provider to protect against external threats.
- Managed Firewall
- A firewall service that is configured, monitored, and maintained by a third-party provider to protect against external threats.
- Managed Security Gateway
- A security device or software that controls and monitors network traffic, managed by a third-party security service provider.
- Managed Security Gateway
- A security device or software that controls and monitors network traffic, managed by a third-party security service provider.
- Managed Security Gateway
- A security device or software that controls and monitors network traffic, managed by a third-party security service provider.
- Managed Security Operations Center (SOC)
- An outsourced or third-party service that monitors, detects, and responds to security incidents on behalf of an organization.
- Managed Security Operations Center (SOC)
- An outsourced or third-party service that monitors, detects, and responds to security incidents on behalf of an organization.
- Managed Security Operations Center (SOC)
- An outsourced or third-party service that monitors, detects, and responds to security incidents on behalf of an organization.
- Managed Security Operations Center (SOC)
- An outsourced or third-party service that monitors, detects, and responds to security incidents on behalf of an organization.
- Managed Security Service Provider (MSSP)
- A third-party company that manages and monitors an organization’s security infrastructure and operations.
- Managed Security Service Provider (MSSP)
- A third-party company that manages and monitors an organization’s security infrastructure and operations.
- Managed Security Service Provider (MSSP)
- A third-party company that manages and monitors an organization’s security infrastructure and operations.
- Managed Web Application Firewall (WAF)
- A cloud-based or managed service designed to protect web applications from attacks like SQL injection, XSS, and DDoS.
- Managed Web Application Firewall (WAF)
- A cloud-based or managed service designed to protect web applications from attacks like SQL injection, XSS, and DDoS.
- Managed Web Application Firewall (WAF)
- A cloud-based or managed service designed to protect web applications from attacks like SQL injection, XSS, and DDoS.
- Masking Sensitive Data
- The practice of hiding or obfuscating sensitive data (such as credit card numbers) to prevent unauthorized access.
- Masking Sensitive Data
- The practice of hiding or obfuscating sensitive data (such as credit card numbers) to prevent unauthorized access.
- Masking Sensitive Data
- The practice of hiding or obfuscating sensitive data (such as credit card numbers) to prevent unauthorized access.
- Memory Dump Forensics
- The practice of analyzing memory dumps (snapshots of system RAM) to detect signs of malicious activity or investigate cyberattacks.
- Memory Dump Forensics
- The practice of analyzing memory dumps (snapshots of system RAM) to detect signs of malicious activity or investigate cyberattacks.
- Memory Dump Forensics
- The practice of analyzing memory dumps (snapshots of system RAM) to detect signs of malicious activity or investigate cyberattacks.
- Memory Forensics Tool
- Software used to analyze a system’s volatile memory (RAM) to detect and investigate cyber threats or breaches.
- Memory Forensics Tool
- Software used to analyze a system’s volatile memory (RAM) to detect and investigate cyber threats or breaches.
- Memory Forensics Tool
- Software used to analyze a system’s volatile memory (RAM) to detect and investigate cyber threats or breaches.
- Memory Forensics Toolkit
- A collection of tools used to analyze system memory (RAM) and uncover evidence of malware or cyberattacks.
- Memory Forensics Toolkit
- A collection of tools used to analyze system memory (RAM) and uncover evidence of malware or cyberattacks.
- Memory Forensics Toolkit
- A collection of tools used to analyze system memory (RAM) and uncover evidence of malware or cyberattacks.
- Memory Integrity Check
- A security measure used to ensure that the contents of system memory remain unaltered and are not corrupted by malware.
- Memory Integrity Check
- A security measure used to ensure that the contents of system memory remain unaltered and are not corrupted by malware.
- Memory Integrity Check
- A security measure used to ensure that the contents of system memory remain unaltered and are not corrupted by malware.
- Metadata Analysis
- The process of examining metadata (data about data) for potential threats, such as hidden malicious information or traces of cyberattacks.
- Metadata Analysis
- The process of examining metadata (data about data) for potential threats, such as hidden malicious information or traces of cyberattacks.
- Metadata Analysis
- The process of examining metadata (data about data) for potential threats, such as hidden malicious information or traces of cyberattacks.
- Metadata Collection
- The act of gathering metadata from various sources, which can help in investigations or detecting malicious activity.
- Metadata Collection
- The act of gathering metadata from various sources, which can help in investigations or detecting malicious activity.
- Metadata Collection
- The act of gathering metadata from various sources, which can help in investigations or detecting malicious activity.
- Microservices Security
- Protecting microservices-based applications and their communication from vulnerabilities and attacks.
- Microservices Security
- Security measures that protect data exchanged between deProtecting microservices-based applications and their communication from vulnerabilities and attacks.vices in an IoT or M2M system.
- Microservices Security
- Protecting microservices-based applications and their communication from vulnerabilities and attacks.
- Microservices Security
- Protecting microservices-based applications and their communication from vulnerabilities and attacks.
- Minimum Privilege Access
- A security principle that ensures users and systems are only granted the minimum level of access required to perform their tasks.
- Minimum Privilege Access
- A security principle that ensures users and systems are only granted the minimum level of access required to perform their tasks.
- Minimum Privilege Access
- A security principle that ensures users and systems are only granted the minimum level of access required to perform their tasks.
- Minimum Viable Security
- The basic level of security that must be implemented in a system or application to prevent most common attacks.
- Minimum Viable Security
- The basic level of security that must be implemented in a system or application to prevent most common attacks.
- Minimum Viable Security
- The basic level of security that must be implemented in a system or application to prevent most common attacks.
- MitM Attack Prevention
- Techniques and tools designed to prevent man-in-the-middle attacks, where an attacker intercepts communications between two parties.
- MitM Attack Prevention
- Techniques and tools designed to prevent man-in-the-middle attacks, where an attacker intercepts communications between two parties.
- MitM Attack Prevention
- Techniques and tools designed to prevent man-in-the-middle attacks, where an attacker intercepts communications between two parties.
- Mitigation Strategy
- A set of actions or tools implemented to reduce or prevent the impact of a security threat or vulnerability.
- Mitigation Strategy
- A set of actions or tools implemented to reduce or prevent the impact of a security threat or vulnerability.
- Mitigation Strategy
- A set of actions or tools implemented to reduce or prevent the impact of a security threat or vulnerability.
- Mitigation Strategy
- Malware that executes A set of actions or tools implemented to reduce or prevent the impact of a security threat or vulnerability.
- Mitigation Technology
- Tools or strategies used to reduce the impact of security threats, such as firewalls, intrusion prevention systems (IPS), or encryption.
- Mitigation Technology
- Tools or strategies used to reduce the impact of security threats, such as firewalls, intrusion prevention systems (IPS), or encryption.
- Mobile Application Vulnerabilities
- Weaknesses in mobile apps that can be exploited by attackers to gain unauthorized access or control over the device or its data.
- Mobile Application Vulnerabilities
- Weaknesses in mobile apps that can be exploited by attackers to gain unauthorized access or control over the device or its data.
- Mobile Device Protection
- Security measures that help safeguard mobile devices from threats such as malware, unauthorized access, and data loss.
- Mobile Device Protection
- Security measures that help safeguard mobile devices from threats such as malware, unauthorized access, and data loss.
- Mobile Device Protection
- Security measures that help safeguard mobile devices from threats such as malware, unauthorized access, and data loss.
- Mobile Endpoint Security
- The protection of mobile devices that access organizational data and networks, preventing breaches through malware or unauthorized access.
- Mobile Endpoint Security
- The protection of mobile devices that access organizational data and networks, preventing breaches through malware or unauthorized access.
- Mobile Endpoint Security
- The protection of mobile devices that access organizational data and networks, preventing breaches through malware or unauthorized access.
- Mobile Malware
- Malicious software designed to attack or exploit vulnerabilities in mobile devices or apps.
- Mobile Malware
- Malicious software designed to attack or exploit vulnerabilities in mobile devices or apps.
- Mobile Malware
- Malicious software designed to attack or exploit vulnerabilities in mobile devices or apps.
- Mobile Security Framework
- A set of security principles, tools, and technologies that work together to protect mobile devices and applications from threats.
- Mobile Security Framework
- A set of security principles, tools, and technologies that work together to protect mobile devices and applications from threats.
- Mobile Security Framework
- A set of security principles, tools, and technologies that work together to protect mobile devices and applications from threats.
- Mobile Security Platform
- A suite of security tools and technologies designed to protect mobile devices and apps from security threats.
- Mobile Security Platform
- A suite of security tools and technologies designed to protect mobile devices and apps from security threats.
- Mobile Security Platform
- A suite of security tools and technologies designed to protect mobile devices and apps from security threats.
- Mobile Security Policy
- Guidelines or rules designed to secure mobile devices within an organization, addressing aspects like app security and access control.
- Mobile Security Policy
- Guidelines or rules designed to secure mobile devices within an organization, addressing aspects like app security and access control.
- Mobile Security Policy
- Guidelines or rules designed to secure mobile devices within an organization, addressing aspects like app security and access control.
- Mobile Security Risk
- The potential threats and vulnerabilities faced by mobile devices, including malware, data breaches, and device theft.
- Mobile Security Risk
- The potential threats and vulnerabilities faced by mobile devices, including malware, data breaches, and device theft.
- Mobile Security Risk
- The potential threats and vulnerabilities faced by mobile devices, including malware, data breaches, and device theft.
- Mobile Threat Defense
- Security solutions designed to protect mobile devices and applications from threats like malware, phishing, and data breaches.
- Mobile Threat Defense
- Security solutions designed to protect mobile devices and applications from threats like malware, phishing, and data breaches.
- Mobile Threat Intelligence
- The collection and analysis of data related to mobile device threats, used to understand and mitigate risks in mobile security.
- Mobile Threat Intelligence
- The collection and analysis of data related to mobile device threats, used to understand and mitigate risks in mobile security.
- Mobile VPN Security
- Protecting mobile virtual private networks (VPNs) to ensure secure remote access to organizational resources.
- Mobile VPN Security
- Protecting mobile virtual private networks (VPNs) to ensure secure remote access to organizational resources.
- Mobile VPN Security
- Protecting mobile virtual private networks (VPNs) to ensure secure remote access to organizational resources.
- ModSecurity (Web Application Firewall)
- An open-source web application firewall used to protect web applications from various attacks such as SQL injection and cross-site scripting (XSS).
- ModSecurity (Web Application Firewall)
- An open-source web application firewall used to protect web applications from various attacks such as SQL injection and cross-site scripting (XSS).
- ModSecurity (Web Application Firewall)
- An open-source web application firewall used to protect web applications from various attacks such as SQL injection and cross-site scripting (XSS).
- Modern Cybersecurity Tools
- The latest software and techniques used to detect, prevent, and respond to cybersecurity threats, such as AI-powered threat detection and cloud-based security solutions.
- Modern Cybersecurity Tools
- The latest software and techniques used to detect, prevent, and respond to cybersecurity threats, such as AI-powered threat detection and cloud-based security solutions.
- Modern Threat Landscape
- The current state of cybersecurity threats, including evolving attack methods and new technologies used by cybercriminals.
- Modern Threat Landscape
- The current state of cybersecurity threats, including evolving attack methods and new technologies used by cybercriminals.
- Modern Threat Landscape
- The current state of cybersecurity threats, including evolving attack methods and new technologies used by cybercriminals.
- Monitoring Solutions
- Tools and software used to continuously monitor systems, networks, and applications for abnormal behavior or potential security incidents.
- Monitoring Solutions
- Tools and software used to continuously monitor systems, networks, and applications for abnormal behavior or potential security incidents.
- Monitoring and Logging
- The continuous observation of system activities and the recording of logs to detect and investigate suspicious behavior.
- Monitoring and Logging
- The continuous observation of system activities and the recording of logs to detect and investigate suspicious behavior.
- Multi-Cloud Environment
- The use of multiple cloud computing services from different providers, which can present unique security challenges.
- Multi-Cloud Environment
- The use of multiple cloud computing services from different providers, which can present unique security challenges.
- Multi-Cloud Environment
- The use of multiple cloud computing services from different providers, which can present unique security challenges.
- Multi-Factor Authentication Compliance
- Ensuring that organizations adhere to best practices and legal requirements related to the use of MFA.
- Multi-Factor Authentication Compliance
- Ensuring that organizations adhere to best practices and legal requirements related to the use of MFA.
- Multi-Factor Authentication Compliance
- Ensuring that organizations adhere to best practices and legal requirements related to the use of MFA.
- Multi-Layer Encryption
- The use of multiple encryption methods to protect data at different levels, enhancing its security.
- Multi-Layer Encryption
- The use of multiple encryption methods to protect data at different levels, enhancing its security.
- Multi-Layer Encryption
- The use of multiple encryption methods to protect data at different levels, enhancing its security.
- Multi-Layered Threat Defense
- A security strategy that uses multiple layers of defense (e.g., firewalls, antivirus, encryption) to protect systems from various types of attacks.
- Multi-Layered Threat Defense
- A security strategy that uses multiple layers of defense (e.g., firewalls, antivirus, encryption) to protect systems from various types of attacks.
- Multi-Protocol Security
- Security measures that protect communication across multiple protocols, such as HTTP, FTP, and SSH.
- Multi-Protocol Security
- Security measures that protect communication across multiple protocols, such as HTTP, FTP, and SSH.
- Multi-Tenant Cloud Security
- Security strategies used to protect data and resources in a cloud environment that is shared by multiple tenants or organizations.
- Multi-Tenant Cloud Security
- Security strategies used to protect data and resources in a cloud environment that is shared by multiple tenants or organizations.
- Multi-Tenant Cloud Security
- Security strategies used to protect data and resources in a cloud environment that is shared by multiple tenants or organizations.
- Multi-Vector Attack
- An attack that uses multiple methods or vectors (e.g., network, physical, social engineering) to compromise a target.
- Multi-Vector Attack
- An attack that uses multiple methods or vectors (e.g., network, physical, social engineering) to compromise a target.
- Multi-Vector Attack
- An attack that uses multiple methods or vectors (e.g., network, physical, social engineering) to compromise a target.
- Multifactor Authentication Token
- A device or software application used to generate codes for multifactor authentication, providing additional security for user logins.
- Multifactor Authentication Token
- A device or software application used to generate codes for multifactor authentication, providing additional security for user logins.
- Multifactor Authentication Token
- A device or software application used to generate codes for multifactor authentication, providing additional security for user logins.
- map
- NA network scanning tool used for identifying devices and services.
- map
- NA network scanning tool used for identifying devices and services.
- map Scanning
- NA tool for network discovery and vulnerability assessment.
N
- N-Day Vulnerabilities
- Exploiting already-disclosed vulnerabilities that remain unpatched.
- N-day Vulnerability
- A known vulnerability that has been previously discovered and publicly disclosed but not patched.
- NAC (Network Access Control)
- A security solution to enforce policies before allowing devices to connect to the network.
- NAC (Network Access Control)
- A security solution to enforce policies before allowing devices to connect to the network.
- NAC (Network Access Control)
- A security approach that controls which devices can connect to a network based on security policies.
- NAC Bypass
- Methods used to circumvent network access controls.
- NAC Bypass
- Methods used to circumvent network access controls.
- NAC Enforcement
- Implementing policies in a network access control (NAC) system to enforce device security compliance.
- NAT (Network Address Translation)
- A method used to map one IP address to another, often used to hide internal IP addresses.
- NAT (Network Address Translation)
- A technique used in networks to translate private IP addresses into public ones, enhancing security by hiding internal IPs.
- NAT Gateway
- A network device used for connecting a private network to the internet, often used for secure routing and translation.
- NAT Gateway Security
- Protecting devices using NAT gateways from unauthorized access.
- NAT Loopback
- A feature in NAT that allows devices inside a network to access public services hosted within the same network.
- NAT Traversal
- Bypassing Network Address Translation to connect to internal resources.
- NAT Traversal
- Bypassing Network Address Translation to connect to internal resources.
- NAT Traversal
- Techniques to allow secure communication across devices behind NAT.
- NDR (Network Detection and Response)
- A cybersecurity solution that monitors network traffic for signs of malicious activity and responds to potential threats.
- NFC (Near Field Communication)
- A technology for short-range wireless communication, which can be exploited for attacks like eavesdropping and data theft.
- NIDS (Network Intrusion Detection System)
- A system that monitors network traffic for suspicious activity.
- NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology)
- An organization that develops cybersecurity standards and guidelines.
- NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology)
- An organization that develops cybersecurity standards and guidelines.
- NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology)
- A U.S. government organization that develops cybersecurity standards and guidelines.
- NIST 800-171
- A set of guidelines for protecting controlled unclassified information (CUI) in non-federal systems.
- NIST CSF (Cybersecurity Framework)
- A framework for managing cybersecurity risks in critical infrastructure, developed by NIST.
- NIST Cybersecurity Framework
- A set of guidelines for managing cybersecurity risks.
- NIST Cybersecurity Framework
- A comprehensive guide for improving critical infrastructure cybersecurity through risk management.
- NIST SP 800-53
- A security and privacy control framework developed by NIST to manage risks in federal information systems.
- NLP (Natural Language Processing) in Security
- The use of AI and machine learning to analyze and interpret human language for security applications.
- NSA (National Security Agency)
- A U.S. government agency responsible for signal intelligence and cybersecurity.
- NTP (Network Time Protocol)
- A protocol for synchronizing clocks on computers, targeted in time-based attacks.
- NTP (Network Time Protocol)
- A protocol for synchronizing clocks on computers, targeted in time-based attacks.
- NTP (Network Time Protocol)
- A protocol used to synchronize the clocks of computers over a network, which can be vulnerable to certain types of attacks.
- NTP Reflection Attack
- Exploiting NTP servers to amplify DDoS attacks.
- NTP Reflection Attack
- Exploiting NTP servers to amplify DDoS attacks.
- Name Resolution Attack
- An attack targeting the DNS resolution process, often used in DNS spoofing or cache poisoning.
- Name Resolution Service
- A service that resolves domain names into IP addresses, critical for directing network traffic.
- Named Pipe
- A method of inter-process communication used in Windows environments, which can be vulnerable to certain attacks.
- Named Pipe Hijacking
- Exploiting interprocess communication mechanisms for privilege escalation.
- Named Pipes Attacks
- Exploiting inter-process communication channels on Windows systems.
- Named Pipes Attacks
- Exploiting inter-process communication channels on Windows systems.
- Native Malware
- Malware that is specifically designed to exploit vulnerabilities in a specific operating system or environment.
- Neighbor Spoofing
- Impersonating nearby devices to intercept communications.
- Nerdmode
- A feature in some security tools that enables advanced options for expert users.
- Nessus
- A widely used vulnerability scanner.
- Nessus
- A widely used vulnerability scanner.
- Nessus Scanner
- A vulnerability scanner used to identify security weaknesses in a system or network.
- Nested Virtualization
- A technique that allows running virtual machines within other virtual machines, commonly used in testing and development.
- NetAPI
- A set of network application programming interfaces that allow applications to interact with network resources.
- NetFlow
- A network protocol used to collect and analyze network traffic data, commonly used in intrusion detection and network performance monitoring.
- NetFlow Analysis
- The process of analyzing network flow data to detect abnormal patterns and security threats.
- NetFlow Data
- Data that represents network traffic, used for monitoring and analysis to detect anomalous activity.
- Netcat
- A networking tool used for debugging and investigating network services, often referred to as the “Swiss Army knife” of networking.
- Network Access Control (NAC)
- Policies enforcing security measures before allowing device access.
- Network Access Control (NAC)
- Policies to control device and user access to network resources.
- Network Access Protection (NAP)
- A Microsoft technology to enforce health policies before allowing network access.
- Network Access Protection (NAP)
- A Microsoft technology to enforce health policies before allowing network access.
- Network Activity Logging
- The process of recording all actions on a network for later review and forensic analysis.
- Network Address Blacklisting
- Blocking traffic from known malicious IP addresses.
- Network Analysis Tools
- Software used for analyzing network traffic, performance, and security.
- Network Anomaly Detection
- The identification of abnormal network behavior that may indicate a cyber attack or security breach.
- Network Attack Indicator
- A pattern or sign that suggests an active cyber attack or a security breach.
- Network Attack Simulation
- A practice of mimicking cyber attacks to assess the security posture of a network.
- Network Attack Surface
- The total sum of vulnerabilities in a network that an attacker can exploit.
- Network Authentication
- The process of verifying the identity of devices or users before granting them access to a network.
- Network Authentication Protocol
- A method or protocol used to validate the identity of devices or users requesting access to a network.
- Network Behavior Analytics (NBA)
- The use of machine learning to analyze network traffic and detect unusual behavior indicative of a security threat.
- Network Behavior Anomaly Detection (NBAD)
- Identifying unusual patterns in network traffic.
- Network Behavior Anomaly Detection (NBAD)
- Monitoring networks for unusual behavior indicative of an attack.
- Network Caching
- Storing data locally within a network to reduce latency and improve performance, but which can also be exploited for attacks if improperly configured.
- Network Data Encryption
- The process of encoding network traffic to ensure confidentiality and protect against eavesdropping.
- Network Enumeration
- The process of identifying devices, services, and shares on a network.
- Network Enumeration
- The process of identifying devices, services, and shares on a network.
- Network Enumeration
- Scanning networks to identify hosts, services, and devices.
- Network Exploitation
- The process of taking advantage of a vulnerability in a network to gain unauthorized access or control.
- Network Failure Detection
- A technique to detect and respond to network outages or disruptions, often part of a larger network monitoring system.
- Network Fault Tolerance
- Designing networks with redundancy to ensure continuity and availability in the event of failures.
- Network Firewall Rule
- A predefined rule within a firewall that defines allowed or blocked traffic based on criteria such as IP address or protocol.
- Network Forensics
- The analysis of network traffic to detect and investigate malicious activity.
- Network Forensics
- Investigating network activity to identify and respond to security incidents.
- Network Forensics
- The analysis of network traffic to detect and investigate malicious activity.
- Network Forensics
- Investigating network activity to identify and respond to security incidents.
- Network Forensics
- The process of monitoring and analyzing network traffic to detect, investigate, and prevent cybercrimes.
- Network Forensics
- Investigating network traffic to detect and analyze attacks.
- Network Health Monitoring
- Continuously tracking the status and performance of network components to ensure secure and efficient operations.
- Network Honeypots
- Deceptive resources designed to attract and study attackers.
- Network Integrity
- Ensuring the security and correctness of data and communication within a network.
- Network Isolation
- The practice of separating network resources to limit the spread of security breaches or infections.
- Network Layer Encryption
- Protecting data during transit using layer-specific methods like IPSec.
- Network Layer Encryption
- Protecting data during transit using layer-specific methods like IPSec.
- Network Mapping
- A process of identifying and documenting the components and structure of a network for security audits.
- Network Monitoring
- Continuously observing and analyzing network activity to detect security breaches or system malfunctions.
- Network Packet Injection
- Sending crafted packets to manipulate network traffic or systems.
- Network Penetration Testing
- Simulating attacks on a network to identify vulnerabilities before real attackers can exploit them.
- Network Privacy Protection
- The use of techniques and technologies to protect sensitive data traveling across a network from unauthorized access.
- Network Protocol Analysis
- The study of network protocols to detect vulnerabilities and improve network security.
- Network Resilience
- The ability of a network to continue functioning under adverse conditions or during an attack.
- Network Resource Management
- The process of managing and optimizing network resources, ensuring performance and security.
- Network Risk Assessment
- Evaluating a network’s vulnerabilities, threats, and potential impact of security breaches.
- Network Security
- The practice of securing a computer network from threats such as unauthorized access, misuse, or attack.
- Network Security Configuration
- Hardening network settings to mitigate attacks.
- Network Security Groups (NSG)
- Azure tools for controlling inbound and outbound traffic.
- Network Security Key
- The password or key used to secure a wireless network.
- Network Security Key
- The password or key used to secure a wireless network.
- Network Segmentation
- Dividing a network into segments to enhance security.
- Network Segmentation
- Dividing a network into segments to enhance security.
- Network Segmentation
- The practice of dividing a computer network into smaller subnetworks to improve security and performance.
- Network Service Hardening
- The process of securing network services by disabling unnecessary services and configuring firewalls and access controls.
- Network Sniffer
- A tool that captures and analyzes network traffic.
- Network Sniffer
- A tool that captures and analyzes network traffic.
- Network Sniffer
- A tool used to capture and analyze network traffic for security or troubleshooting purposes.
- Network Sniffing
- Intercepting and analyzing network traffic to extract sensitive information or monitor communications.
- Network Spoofing
- Falsifying network traffic to impersonate legitimate services or devices, often used in phishing attacks.
- Network Tap
- A device that allows monitoring of network traffic without interfering with the network.
- Network Tap
- A device that allows monitoring of network traffic without interfering with the network.
- Network Time Protocol (NTP) Amplification
- A DDoS attack exploiting NTP servers to amplify traffic.
- Network Time Server
- A system that provides accurate time to network devices using the NTP protocol.
- Network Topology
- The arrangement of network devices and connections, which impacts security and performance.
- Network Topology Mapping
- Visualizing network structure to identify potential vulnerabilities.
- Network Traffic Encryption
- Encrypting data traveling over networks to ensure privacy and security.
- Network Traffic Filtering
- The process of examining and controlling network traffic to block malicious content or unauthorized access.
- Network Visibility Platform
- Tools that provide insights into the flow of data across a network, helping to detect anomalies and prevent attacks.
- Network Worm
- A self-replicating malware that spreads across networks without needing a host file.
- Network-Based Keylogger
- Malware that captures keystrokes and sends them to a remote attacker over a network.
- Network-based DDoS
- Distributed Denial of Service attacks that target network infrastructure rather than individual devices.
- Neural Networks for Intrusion Detection
- The use of artificial neural networks to identify patterns of abnormal behavior that may indicate a security threat.
- Neural Networks in Security
- The use of machine learning models that mimic the human brain to detect patterns in data and identify cyber threats.
- Newly Discovered Vulnerability (NDV)
- A security flaw that has been recently identified and has not yet been patched or mitigated.
- Next-Gen Threat Intelligence
- Advanced methods of gathering, analyzing, and using information to predict and prevent future cyber threats.
- Next-Generation Firewall (NGFW)
- A firewall that integrates traditional firewall functions with advanced features like intrusion prevention.
- Next-Generation Firewall (NGFW)
- A firewall that integrates traditional firewall functions with advanced features like intrusion prevention.
- Next-Generation Firewall (NGFW)
- An advanced firewall that goes beyond traditional firewalls by incorporating features like intrusion detection and deep packet inspection.
- No-Click Malware
- A type of malware that does not require user interaction to execute, often distributed via ads or malicious links.
- No-Operation (NOP) Sled
- A technique used in buffer overflow exploits to ensure that the attacker’s payload will execute correctly.
- NoSQL Injection
- A type of injection attack targeting NoSQL databases by inserting malicious code into queries.
- Node Authentication
- The process of verifying the identity of devices within a network to prevent unauthorized access.
- Node Reconfiguration Attack
- An attack that manipulates the settings or configurations of a network node to enable unauthorized access.
- Node Security
- Protection of individual devices or nodes in a network from cyber threats.
- Node Vulnerability
- A weakness in a network node (device or endpoint) that can be exploited by attackers.
- Noise Filtering
- The technique of eliminating irrelevant or unnecessary data from network traffic to focus on potential security threats.
- Non-Compliance Risk
- The potential risk associated with failing to meet legal, regulatory, or security standards.
- Non-Repudiation
- A principle that ensures a party cannot deny the authenticity of their actions, often used in digital signatures and log management.
- Non-Volatile Memory (NVM)
- Memory that retains data even when power is off, often used for storing sensitive information.
- Non-repudiation
- Assurance that a sender cannot deny the authenticity of a message.
- Nonce
- A random number used once in a cryptographic communication to ensure security.
- Nonce
- A random number used once in a cryptographic communication to ensure security.
- Nonce Collision
- When two messages use the same nonce in a cryptographic protocol, which can lead to vulnerabilities.
- Nonce Reuse
- A vulnerability where a unique cryptographic number is reused, compromising security.
- Null Byte Injection
- Exploiting null characters to bypass security controls.
- Null Encryption
- A type of encryption where no actual encryption occurs, typically used as a placeholder or in testing environments.
- Null Pointer Dereference
- A software vulnerability that causes crashes or unexpected behavior.
- Null Pointer Dereference
- A software vulnerability that causes crashes or unexpected behavior.
- Null Pointer Dereference
- A programming error where a program tries to use a null pointer, often leading to vulnerabilities like crashes or memory corruption.
- Null Session
- A network session with no credentials, often exploited for attacks.
- Null Session
- A network session with no credentials, often exploited for attacks.
- Null Session Attack
- Exploiting unauthenticated network connections to gather information.
- Null Session Exploits
- Leveraging unauthenticated connections to access network resources.
- Null Session Exploits
- Leveraging unauthenticated connections to access network resources.
- nowledge-Based Authentication (KBA)
- KA method of authentication using pre-set security questions.
- nown Plaintext Attack (KPA)
- KA cryptanalysis attack where the attacker has access to both plaintext and ciphertext.
O
- OAuth (Open Authorization)
- An open standard for access delegation, commonly used as a way to grant websites access to information without sharing passwords.
- OAuth (Open Authorization)
- A standard for access delegation that allows users to grant third-party services limited access to their resources without sharing their credentials.
- OAuth Impersonation
- Stealing valid OAuth tokens to impersonate users and gain unauthorized access.
- OAuth Token Refresh
- A process of renewing an OAuth access token to maintain a session’s validity.
- OAuth2.0 Authorization
- A protocol for secure authorization delegation with specific access scopes for third-party applications.
- OAuth2.0 Exploits
- Attacks that target vulnerabilities in the OAuth 2.0 authorization framework.
- OS Hardening Tools
- Tools and utilities used to strengthen an operating system’s security.
- OS-Level Virtualization Security
- Safeguarding containers or sandboxed environments.
- OSINT (Open-Source Intelligence)
- Gathering intelligence from publicly available sources.
- Obfuscated Code
- Deliberately obscured code to evade analysis or detection.
- Obfuscated Malware
- Malicious code deliberately hidden to evade detection.
- Obfuscation
- The process of making code or data harder to understand, often used to protect code or hide malicious behavior.
- Object Injection
- Injecting serialized objects to execute malicious code.
- Object Relational Mapping (ORM) Injection
- Exploiting ORM libraries to execute unauthorized database queries.
- Offensive Countermeasures
- Proactive actions taken to actively disrupt or neutralize cyber threats.
- Offensive Security
- A proactive approach to security that involves identifying vulnerabilities before they can be exploited.
- Offensive Security Testing
- Proactively testing systems for vulnerabilities to identify weaknesses before attackers exploit them.
- Offline Attack
- An attack that does not require real-time communication, often involving attempts to crack passwords using a hashed file.
- Offline Brute Force
- Attempting to crack credentials or encryption without network interaction.
- Offline Data Encryption
- Encrypting data that is not actively in use to ensure its protection.
- Offline Dictionary Attack
- An attack in which an attacker tries many possible passwords against an encrypted password hash using a dictionary file offline.
- Offline Password Cracking
- Cracking passwords from offline hashed data.
- Offline Security Auditing
- Reviewing and analyzing system security without requiring a live network connection, often for forensic purposes.
- Offline Security Tools
- Security software that operates independently from the network, for tasks like malware scanning or forensic analysis.
- Offsite Backup Security
- Protecting data backups stored offsite, including encryption and secure transmission.
- Offsite Monitoring
- The practice of monitoring a network or system remotely to detect and respond to threats.
- Offsite Security Audit
- An audit conducted remotely to evaluate an organization’s security measures.
- On-Demand Cloud Services
- Cloud services that are provided and billed as needed, without long-term commitments.
- On-Demand Firewall
- A firewall service provisioned dynamically as needed for specific tasks or conditions.
- On-Demand Scanning
- Real-time or periodic scanning for malware or vulnerabilities upon request.
- On-Demand Vulnerability Scanning
- A service that allows security assessments to be conducted as needed to identify and address vulnerabilities in a system.
- On-Device Data Encryption
- Encryption techniques applied to data stored directly on a device.
- On-Path Attack
- Intercepting communications to steal or manipulate data without user awareness.
- On-Premises Encryption
- Encrypting data stored within the physical premises of an organization.
- On-Premises Security
- Security measures implemented and managed on the physical location of an organization.
- On-Premises Security
- Protecting physical and network systems located on-site.
- On-Site Data Protection
- Security measures to protect sensitive data stored physically on a company’s premises.
- On-premise Security
- Security measures implemented on the physical premises of an organization, often referring to servers, networks, and hardware.
- On-the-Fly Encryption
- Real-time encryption of data as it is being transferred or accessed.
- Onboard Device Security
- Security measures for devices added to a network, including authentication and authorization.
- Onboarding Security
- Ensuring new employees or devices comply with security policies.
- Onboarding Security Policies
- Guidelines for securely integrating new users, devices, or applications into an organization’s IT ecosystem.
- One-Time Authentication Code
- A temporary code used for authentication to ensure secure login processes.
- One-Time Pad
- A cryptographic technique for secure communication, using a single-use key.
- One-Time Password (OTP)
- A password that is valid for only one login session or transaction.
- One-Time Password (OTP)
- Temporary passwords used for authentication.
- One-Time Password (OTP)
- A password that is valid for only one login session or transaction, enhancing security by limiting the lifespan of credentials.
- One-Time Password (OTP) Security
- Enhancing the protection of single-use authentication codes.
- One-Way Hashing
- A cryptographic function that converts data into a fixed-length output, irreversible for security purposes.
- One-to-One Encryption
- A cryptographic method where each piece of data has a unique key, enhancing security.
- Online Brute Force
- Guessing passwords or keys through repeated online attempts.
- Online Certificate Status Protocol (OCSP)
- A protocol used to check the revocation status of an X.509 digital certificate.
- Online Fraud Detection
- Identifying and preventing fraudulent activities conducted online.
- Online Identity Theft
- The use of online methods to steal personal or financial information.
- Online Phishing Detection
- Identifying phishing attempts in online communications.
- Online Privacy Protection
- Techniques to safeguard user privacy on the internet.
- Online Risk Assessment
- Evaluating and mitigating risks posed by online systems and services.
- Online Session Hijacking
- The interception and unauthorized use of an active online session.
- Online Threat Intelligence
- Gathering data from online sources to predict and prevent cyber threats.
- Open Access Security
- Protecting systems that provide open access while minimizing risks.
- Open Authorization (OAuth) Exploits
- Attacks targeting weaknesses in OAuth implementations.
- Open Proxy Detection
- Identifying and blocking the use of open proxies, often used to mask malicious activities.
- Open Redirect
- A vulnerability in web applications that allows an attacker to redirect users to malicious websites.
- Open Redirect Attack
- Redirecting users to malicious websites by exploiting open redirection vulnerabilities.
- Open Redirect Vulnerability
- Exploiting web redirection to lead users to malicious sites.
- Open Redirect Vulnerability
- Redirecting users to unintended, often malicious URLs.
- Open Secure Messaging Protocol
- A protocol designed for secure communication through messaging apps or systems.
- Open Security Architecture
- A flexible and modular approach to building secure systems using open standards.
- Open Security Platform
- A framework that integrates various open-source security tools to improve protection.
- Open Source Encryption Tools
- Free encryption libraries or tools, such as GPG or OpenSSL, used to secure data.
- Open Source Intelligence (OSINT)
- Gathering information from publicly available sources for intelligence purposes.
- Open Source Intelligence (OSINT)
- The collection and analysis of publicly available information for intelligence purposes, often used in cyber espionage.
- Open Source Security Tools
- Free tools like Snort or Wireshark used for monitoring and protection.
- Open Standard Protocol
- A universally accepted protocol for secure communication or data transmission.
- Open Web Application Security Project (OWASP)
- A nonprofit organization focused on improving the security of software.
- Open Web Application Security Project (OWASP)
- An online community that produces freely available security-related resources for web application security.
- Open Web Application Security Project (OWASP)
- A community providing resources for secure application development.
- Open Web Security Tools
- Free tools for analyzing and securing web applications.
- Open Web Vulnerabilities
- Security risks present in open-source web applications, such as XSS or SQL injection.
- Open-Source Malware Analysis
- Using open-source tools to examine and analyze malicious software.
- Open-Source Threat Detection Tools
- Free software designed to detect and respond to cyber threats, such as Snort or Suricata.
- OpenSSL
- An open-source toolkit for implementing secure communications using SSL and TLS.
- OpenSSL
- An open-source toolkit for implementing secure communications through SSL/TLS protocols.
- OpenSSL Heartbleed
- A vulnerability in OpenSSL’s implementation of the TLS/SSL protocols, allowing attackers to read sensitive memory data.
- OpenSSL Vulnerabilities
- Exploiting weaknesses in the widely used OpenSSL cryptography library.
- Operating System Exploitation
- Attacking security vulnerabilities within an operating system to gain unauthorized access.
- Operating System Exploits
- Attacking vulnerabilities within the OS for unauthorized access.
- Operating System Hardening
- Configuring an operating system to enhance security by reducing vulnerabilities.
- Operating System Hardening
- Securing OS configurations to minimize vulnerabilities.
- Operating System Hardening
- The process of securing an operating system by reducing its surface of vulnerability, often by configuring security settings and applying patches.
- Operating System Hardening
- Securing an OS by minimizing vulnerabilities and attack surfaces.
- Operating System Security
- Measures taken to protect the operating system from vulnerabilities and attacks.
- Operational Continuity
- Ensuring that security measures maintain functionality in case of system failures or attacks.
- Operational Risk Management
- The practice of identifying, assessing, and mitigating risks associated with cybersecurity operations.
- Operational Security (OPSEC)
- A process that identifies critical information to determine if friendly actions can be observed by adversaries.
- Operational Security (OPSEC)
- Processes to protect sensitive data during operations.
- Operational Technology (OT) Security
- Protecting systems that control industrial processes.
- Operational Technology (OT) Security
- The protection of industrial control systems and critical infrastructure from cyber threats.
- Operational Technology (OT) Security
- Securing systems used in industrial environments like SCADA.
- Optical Security
- The use of optical devices, such as holograms, in anti-counterfeiting and authentication systems.
- Orchestration
- Automated arrangement and coordination of systems for efficient security management.
- Orchestration Security
- The use of automation to coordinate security operations across systems and devices.
- Organization-Wide Policies
- Comprehensive guidelines for ensuring security across an enterprise.
- Organizational Security Culture
- The collective attitudes and behaviors within an organization that influence the effectiveness of its cybersecurity practices.
- Origin Spoofing
- An attack in which the source address is faked to deceive the receiver.
- Orphaned Accounts
- User accounts that remain active after the associated person or system is no longer with the organization.
- Orphaned Virtual Machines
- Virtual machines that are no longer in use but remain active, representing potential security risks.
- Out-of-Band (OOB) Management
- Securely managing systems through a separate communication channel.
- Out-of-Band Authentication
- A secondary method of authentication that uses a different communication channel.
- Out-of-Band Authentication
- A method of authentication that uses a separate communication channel, such as SMS or email, to verify identity.
- Out-of-Band Authentication (OOBA)
- Using a separate communication channel for additional security.
- Out-of-Band Communication Channel
- A secondary communication method used for sensitive transactions, separate from the primary communication.
- Out-of-Band Data Protection
- Ensuring that sensitive data remains secure during transmission through alternate communication channels.
- Out-of-Band Exploitation
- Attacks that occur outside of normal application or network operations.
- Out-of-Band Management
- Secure methods for managing devices outside regular network channels.
- Out-of-Band Response
- Responding to threats through alternate communication methods, usually for sensitive or critical incidents.
- Outage Response Plan
- A strategy for addressing and managing service disruptions due to cyberattacks or technical failures.
- Outbound Data Encryption
- Encrypting data as it leaves a network to ensure privacy.
- Outbound Data Filtering
- Preventing unauthorized data exfiltration by inspecting outgoing traffic.
- Outbound Firewall Rule
- A rule in a firewall that specifies what data can leave the network.
- Outdated Protocol Exploits
- Exploiting old and insecure network protocols.
- Outsourced Penetration Testing
- Hiring third-party security experts to perform penetration testing and identify vulnerabilities.
- Outsourced Security Services
- Using third parties to manage and monitor cybersecurity.
- Outsourcing Risks
- Security concerns related to hiring third-party vendors for IT services.
- Outsourcing Security Services
- Hiring third parties to manage cybersecurity tasks and risks.
- Over-the-Air (OTA) Attack
- Exploiting vulnerabilities in wireless communications to compromise devices.
- Over-the-Air (OTA) Attacks
- Exploiting wireless communication channels to compromise devices.
- Over-the-Air (OTA) Updates
- Delivering software updates wirelessly, often requiring strong security measures.
- Over-the-Top (OTT) Security
- Security protocols used to protect content delivered over the internet, such as streaming services.
- Overclocking Security
- Ensuring that overclocked systems remain secure without introducing vulnerabilities due to system instability.
- Overfitting in Security Models
- When a machine learning model becomes too specific to its training data, reducing generalization to new threats.
- Overflow Exploits
- Attacks leveraging buffer overflows to execute malicious code.
- Overflow Protection
- Security measures designed to prevent buffer overflow vulnerabilities.
- Overlay Network
- A network built on top of another network, often used for VPNs and other secure communication channels.
- Overload Attack
- Attacks that attempt to overwhelm a system’s resources, such as a denial of service attack.
- Overload Protection Mechanism
- A method used to prevent services from being overwhelmed by excessive requests or attacks.
- Overly Permissive Permissions
- When users or systems are granted more access than necessary, creating security risks.
- Overprovisioning
- The practice of allocating more resources than necessary to ensure high availability and performance, but which can create security risks.
- Oversharing in APIs
- APIs exposing more data than necessary, leading to risks.
- Oversubscription Attack
- Flooding a shared resource to degrade performance.
- Overuse of Privileges
- Allowing users or systems to hold excessive rights, often leading to insider threats.
- Overwriting Logs
- Erasing evidence of malicious activity by overwriting log files.
- Ownership-based Access Control (OBAC)
- An access control model based on the owner’s permission.
- oSQL Injection
- NAn attack on NoSQL databases by injecting malicious data into query parameters, bypassing security controls.
- obile Malware
- MMalicious software designed to attack or exploit vulnerabilities in mobile devices or apps.
- obile Security Policy
- MGuidelines or rules designed to secure mobile devices within an organization, addressing aspects like app security and access control.
- obile Threat Defense
- MSecurity solutions designed to protect mobile devices and applications from threats like malware, phishing, and data breaches.
- obile Threat Defense
- MSecurity solutions designed to protect mobile devices and applications from threats like malware, phishing, and data breaches.
- ode-Based Attack
- NAn attack that targets a specific node (or device) in a network.
- on-Repudiation
- NEnsuring that actions or events cannot be denied by their originator.
- on-Repudiation
- NEnsuring that actions or events cannot be denied by their originator.
- on-Repudiation Mechanisms
- NEnsuring that actions cannot be denied by the user who performed them.
- on-repudiation
- NAssurance that a sender cannot deny the authenticity of a message.
- once Reuse
- NReusing a cryptographic nonce, leading to vulnerabilities.
- once Reuse
- NReusing a cryptographic nonce, leading to vulnerabilities.
- onitoring and Logging
- MThe continuous observation of system activities and the recording of logs to detect and investigate suspicious behavior.
- ools or strategies used to reduce the impact of security threats, such as firewalls, intrusion prevention systems (IPS), or encryption.
- T
P
- P2P Malware
- Malicious software that spreads across peer-to-peer networks, often using the sharing of files or resources as a vector.
- PUP (Potentially Unwanted Program)
- Software that may not be malicious but is often intrusive or unwanted.
- Packet Analysis
- The process of inspecting data packets to determine their contents and detect any malicious payloads or anomalies.
- Packet Crafting
- Creating custom network packets to exploit vulnerabilities or analyze responses.
- Packet Filtering
- A method of controlling network access by analyzing and filtering data packets based on predetermined security rules.
- Packet Injection
- The act of injecting malicious packets into a network to disrupt traffic or exploit system vulnerabilities.
- Packet Sniffing
- Capturing and analyzing network packets, often used for troubleshooting or intrusion detection.
- Packet Sniffing
- Capturing and analyzing network traffic for legitimate or malicious purposes.
- Packet Sniffing
- The process of capturing and analyzing network traffic to extract useful information or identify vulnerabilities.
- Packet Sniffing Prevention
- Measures to block tools that capture network traffic, such as encryption.
- Pass-the-Hash
- An attack where an attacker steals a hashed password and uses it to authenticate without needing to know the plaintext password.
- Pass-the-Ticket Attack
- Exploiting Kerberos tickets to gain unauthorized access.
- Password Cracking
- The process of recovering passwords from data that has been stored in or transmitted by a computer system.
- Password Cracking
- Recovering passwords from stored or transmitted data.
- Password Cracking
- The process of attempting to discover a password through various methods such as brute force or dictionary attacks.
- Password Cracking
- The process of recovering passwords from data by exploiting weaknesses in the encryption or hashing algorithm.
- Password Hashing
- A process of converting passwords into a fixed-length string of characters using an algorithm to ensure their security.
- Password Management Software
- Tools used to store, generate, and manage passwords securely.
- Password Policy
- A set of guidelines and rules defining how passwords should be managed and used within an organization.
- Password Recovery
- The process of retrieving or resetting a forgotten password.
- Password Salting
- Adding random data to passwords before hashing to make them harder to crack.
- Password Spraying
- Attempting a few common passwords across many accounts to avoid lockouts.
- Password Spraying
- Using one password across multiple accounts to find a match.
- Password Spraying
- A type of brute force attack where an attacker tries a small number of common passwords across many accounts.
- Passwordless Authentication
- Login methods relying on biometrics or hardware tokens instead of passwords.
- Passwordless Authentication
- A method of authentication that eliminates the need for passwords by using alternative factors, such as biometrics or hardware tokens.
- Patch Management
- The process of distributing and applying updates to software to fix vulnerabilities.
- Patch Management
- Ensuring systems are updated with the latest security fixes.
- Patch Management
- The process of regularly updating software with patches to fix vulnerabilities and bugs.
- Patch Management
- The process of identifying, testing, and applying software updates to fix vulnerabilities.
- Patch Management Policy
- A set of rules and procedures for the timely application of patches to software and hardware in an organization.
- Patch Rollback Risks
- Issues that arise when reverting system updates.
- Patching
- Applying fixes to software to address security vulnerabilities or bugs.
- Patching
- The process of applying updates to software to address security vulnerabilities.
- Patching
- The process of fixing vulnerabilities and bugs in software applications to improve security.
- Payload
- The part of malware that performs the malicious action.
- Payload
- The malicious code or data delivered by an exploit to achieve the attacker’s goal.
- Payload Delivery
- Transmitting malware or malicious code to a target system.
- Payload Delivery
- The method by which a malicious payload is executed or activated after a system vulnerability is exploited.
- Peer-to-Peer (P2P) Security
- Security measures for protecting data and transactions in peer-to-peer networks.
- Penetration Tester
- A cybersecurity professional who conducts penetration testing to assess system vulnerabilities.
- Penetration Testing
- A method of evaluating the security of a system by simulating an attack.
- Penetration Testing
- A method of evaluating the security of a system by simulating an attack to identify weaknesses.
- Penetration Testing
- A simulated cyberattack on a system to identify and exploit vulnerabilities.
- Penetration Testing (Pentesting)
- Simulating attacks to identify security weaknesses.
- Penetration Testing Framework
- A structured approach to penetration testing that outlines methodologies, tools, and best practices.
- Penetration Testing Tools
- Software tools used by security professionals to simulate attacks and test a system’s vulnerabilities.
- Penetration Testing Tools
- Software and utilities used by cybersecurity professionals to simulate cyberattacks and identify vulnerabilities.
- Persistent Threat
- A long-term and ongoing cyberattack targeting specific systems, often for espionage or data theft.
- Persistent Threat Mitigation
- Detecting and removing ongoing, advanced cyber threats.
- Personal Identifiable Information (PII)
- Any information that can be used to identify an individual, such as names, addresses, or social security numbers.
- Pharming
- Redirecting users to fake websites to steal credentials or personal data.
- Pharming
- A cyberattack where an attacker redirects website traffic to fraudulent sites, often to steal sensitive information.
- Pharming
- Redirecting users from legitimate websites to fraudulent sites to steal sensitive information.
- Phishing
- A type of social engineering attack where an attacker pretends to be a trusted entity to steal sensitive information.
- Phishing
- A form of social engineering attack where attackers impersonate legitimate institutions to trick individuals into divulging sensitive information.
- Phishing
- A fraudulent attempt to obtain sensitive information by impersonating a trustworthy entity via electronic communication.
- Phishing Awareness
- Training users to recognize and resist phishing attempts and avoid falling victim to social engineering.
- Phishing Detection
- Techniques and systems used to identify phishing attempts through email, websites, or social media.
- Phishing Email Analysis
- The process of examining email headers and content to identify potential phishing attempts.
- Phishing Filter
- Software or tools designed to detect and block phishing attempts and malicious websites.
- Phishing Fraud
- The act of committing fraud by using phishing techniques to steal money or personal information.
- Phishing Kit
- A pre-built set of tools used by attackers to create and deploy phishing websites or emails.
- Phishing Kits
- Prepackaged tools for creating and deploying phishing attacks.
- Phishing Simulation
- Training exercises to assess and improve employee awareness of phishing threats.
- Phishing Simulation
- A controlled testing of employees’ ability to recognize phishing attacks, often used for training purposes.
- Phishing Simulation
- A test to train employees by simulating phishing attacks to increase awareness and response readiness.
- Phishing Simulation Tools
- Software to test an organization’s resilience to phishing attacks.
- Phishing Website
- A fraudulent website created to deceive users into entering sensitive information such as usernames, passwords, or credit card details.
- Physical Access Control
- Measures and systems designed to restrict access to physical spaces and resources.
- Physical Security
- Protecting hardware, data, and facilities from physical actions or events.
- Physical Security
- The protection of physical assets and personnel from threats like theft, sabotage, and natural disasters.
- Physical Security
- The protection of physical assets, such as hardware and network infrastructure, from unauthorized access or damage.
- Physical Security Breach
- Unauthorized access to physical locations housing critical systems.
- Physical Security Tokens
- Devices such as smart cards or USB keys for authentication.
- Physical Token Authentication
- Using hardware tokens for secure access to systems.
- Platform Integrity Monitoring
- Ensuring software platforms remain free of tampering.
- Point of Entry
- The location or system where an attacker gains initial access to a network or system.
- Point-of-Sale (POS) Malware
- Malware targeting payment terminals to steal card data.
- Policy Enforcement
- The application of security rules to ensure compliance with organizational or regulatory standards.
- Policy Management
- The process of creating, implementing, and managing security policies across an organization.
- Policy-Based Encryption
- Defining encryption based on organizational policies and roles.
- Polymorphic Code
- Malware that changes its appearance to evade detection.
- Polymorphic Malware
- Malware that changes its code to evade detection by antivirus programs.
- Port Forwarding
- A technique used to route network traffic to specific devices or services behind a firewall or NAT.
- Port Knocking
- A method to stealthily open ports by sending a sequence of network packets.
- Port Knocking
- A method of externally creating an encrypted, hidden channel to access a network by sending a sequence of “knocks” to specific ports.
- Port Scanning
- A method used to identify open ports and services available on a networked device.
- Port Scanning
- A method of probing a system for open ports to identify potential entry points for cyberattacks.
- Post-Exploitation
- Actions taken after a successful compromise of a system, typically to maintain access or gather further information.
- Potential Vulnerability
- A possible weakness in a system or network that could be exploited by attackers.
- Predictive Threat Intelligence
- Using data analysis to forecast potential cyber threats.
- Preemptive Defense
- Security strategies that aim to prevent an attack before it can occur, often by identifying vulnerabilities early.
- Pretexting
- A social engineering attack where the attacker fabricates a scenario to steal information.
- Pretexting
- Social engineering involving fabricated scenarios to gain access to sensitive data.
- Pretexting
- A social engineering technique where attackers create fabricated scenarios to steal information.
- Preventative Security Measures
- Actions taken before an attack occurs to protect systems and networks from potential threats.
- Prevention Systems
- Security tools and technologies designed to block malicious actions, such as firewalls or intrusion prevention systems.
- Preventive Measure
- A security strategy or tool used to reduce the likelihood of an attack or breach occurring.
- Preventive Security
- Security measures designed to prevent cyberattacks before they happen, such as firewalls and intrusion prevention systems.
- Privacy Breach
- An incident where personal or sensitive data is accessed or disclosed without authorization.
- Privacy Enhancing Technologies (PETs)
- Tools and techniques designed to help protect users’ privacy online, such as anonymization and encryption.
- Privacy Impact Assessment (PIA)
- A process to evaluate the impact of data protection risks in projects.
- Privacy Impact Assessment (PIA)
- Evaluating systems to ensure compliance with privacy standards.
- Privacy Policy
- A legal document outlining how an organization collects, uses, and protects user data.
- Privacy Protection
- Measures and tools designed to protect users’ personal information from unauthorized access or disclosure.
- Privacy Shield
- A framework for managing and protecting the transfer of personal data between different jurisdictions, particularly between the EU and the US.
- Private Cloud Security
- Security measures applied to a private cloud infrastructure to ensure the safety and confidentiality of data and systems.
- Private Key
- A secret key used in asymmetric encryption, known only to the owner.
- Private Key
- A cryptographic key used in asymmetric encryption that is kept secret and used for decryption.
- Private Key Encryption
- Encryption where the key used to decrypt data is kept private and not shared with others.
- Private Key Theft
- Stealing encryption keys to decrypt or impersonate data.
- Privilege Audit
- The process of reviewing and monitoring privileged access rights to ensure proper use and prevent misuse.
- Privilege De-escalation
- Reducing a user’s or application’s permissions to minimize potential damage.
- Privilege De-escalation
- Reducing a user’s elevated privileges after they have completed their tasks to limit exposure to risks.
- Privilege Escalation
- Exploiting a vulnerability to gain elevated access to resources.
- Privilege Escalation
- Gaining elevated access to resources beyond what was intended.
- Privilege Escalation
- The act of gaining higher access privileges than initially granted, often used in attacks to gain administrative control.
- Privilege Escalation
- A security vulnerability that allows an attacker to gain elevated access to resources.
- Privilege Escalation Attack
- A type of attack where the attacker gains higher access levels to systems or networks.
- Privilege Management
- Controlling and monitoring user access to resources and privileges.
- Privilege Management
- The process of controlling and monitoring the access levels and privileges assigned to users in an organization.
- Privilege Management
- A practice of controlling the access rights and privileges granted to users, especially those with sensitive access.
- Privileged Access Management (PAM)
- Tools and policies to secure elevated access accounts.
- Privileged Access Management (PAM)
- Tools and processes for controlling and monitoring privileged accounts and access to sensitive data.
- Privileged Access Workstations (PAWs)
- Secured systems used for sensitive administrative tasks.
- Privileged Account Management (PAM)
- A security solution that helps organizations monitor and control access to privileged accounts.
- Privileged Account Security
- A security strategy aimed at protecting accounts with elevated access rights, preventing misuse or attacks.
- Privileged User
- A user with elevated access rights that allow them to manage critical system settings and data.
- Proactive Threat Hunting
- Actively seeking indicators of compromise within systems.
- Program Analysis
- The examination of software code to identify vulnerabilities, bugs, and weaknesses.
- Proof of Work (PoW)
- A computational puzzle that must be solved to verify transactions, often used in blockchain systems.
- Protecting data processed by OCR systems, often involvinOpen Source Penetration Testing Toolsg sensitive document scanning.Optical Character Recognition (OCR) Security
- Free tools for conducting penetration tests, like Metasploit or Burp Suite.
- Protection Against DDoS
- Measures to prevent, detect, and mitigate Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks on websites or networks.
- Protocol Downgrade Attack
- Forcing a connection to use weaker protocols for easier exploitation.
- Proxy Server
- An intermediary server that separates end users from the websites they browse.
- Proxy Server
- A server that acts as an intermediary between a user and the internet, often used for anonymity or filtering traffic.
- Proxy Server
- A server that acts as an intermediary between a client and the internet, often used for filtering and security.
- Pseudonymization
- The process of replacing identifiable information with pseudonyms to protect the privacy of individuals.
- Pseudorandom Number Generator (PRNG)
- Algorithms generating random numbers for cryptographic purposes.
- Public Encryption Key
- A cryptographic key used for encryption that can be shared publicly, enabling secure communication with others.
- Public Key
- A cryptographic key that can be shared with others to encrypt data or verify signatures.
- Public Key
- A cryptographic key used in asymmetric encryption that can be shared publicly to encrypt data.
- Public Key Cryptography
- A cryptographic system that uses pairs of keys: a public key and a private key.
- Public Key Infrastructure (PKI)
- A framework for managing digital certificates and encryption.
- Public Key Infrastructure (PKI)
- A framework for managing digital certificates and public-key encryption.
- Public Key Infrastructure (PKI)
- A framework that manages digital keys and certificates to provide secure communications.
- Public Key Infrastructure (PKI)
- A framework for managing digital keys and certificates, ensuring secure communication.
- Public Key Revocation
- Invalidating compromised or unused public keys.
- Public Wi-Fi Security
- Measures to protect data and users when accessing the internet over unsecured, public Wi-Fi networks.
- Public-Facing Systems
- Systems that are directly accessible over the internet and are often targeted by external attacks.
Q
- QKD (Quantum Key Distribution)
- A secure communication method using quantum mechanics.
- QR Code Phishing (Quishing)
- Using malicious QR codes to direct victims to phishing websites.
- QoS (Quality of Service)
- Managing network traffic to ensure critical operations are not affected by congestion.
- QoS Security
- Protecting Quality of Service configurations from manipulation or attacks.
- Qualification Process
- A process used to assess and certify the security standards of third-party software or services.
- Qualified Digital Signature
- A signature that meets specific legal requirements for secure communication.
- Qualified Security Assessor (QSA)
- A person certified to audit a company for compliance with the PCI DSS.
- Qualified Security Assessor (QSA)
- Professionals certified to audit PCI DSS compliance.
- Quality Assurance (QA)
- The practice of ensuring that security software and protocols meet quality standards.
- Quality Assurance (QA) Testing
- Testing software to ensure it meets quality standards and is free from vulnerabilities.
- Quality Assurance in Security
- Testing systems for compliance with security standards.
- Quality Control
- The process of ensuring that software or systems meet specific security requirements before deployment.
- Quality Control (QC)
- The process of ensuring that security practices meet predefined standards.
- Quality Data Encryption
- The use of strong encryption algorithms to ensure the integrity and confidentiality of sensitive data.
- Quality of Experience (QoE)
- The overall user satisfaction with a service, often used to measure network performance and security.
- Quality of Service (QoS)
- A measure of the performance of a network service, ensuring that certain traffic types (e.g., voice, video) get priority.
- Quality of Service (QoS) Attack
- Degrading network service quality, often as a precursor to a larger attack.
- Quality of Service Encryption
- The practice of encrypting traffic based on the quality of service parameters to ensure secure and efficient transmission.
- Quality of Service Monitoring
- Monitoring and managing network traffic to ensure optimal performance and prevent service degradation.
- Quality of Service Network Attacks
- Attacks that aim to degrade the quality of service of a network by manipulating traffic.
- Quality-Based Threat Modeling
- Assessing risks based on quality metrics and performance benchmarks.
- Quality-Driven Security Design
- Security design principles focused on delivering high-quality, robust protections for systems and data.
- Qualys
- A cloud-based security and compliance platform used for vulnerability management and threat detection.
- Quantifiable Security
- Measuring security performance using specific metrics and indicators.
- Quantitative Analysis of Threats
- Using statistical methods to assess and predict the likelihood and impact of potential cybersecurity threats.
- Quantitative Risk Assessment
- A method of evaluating risks by using numerical data and models to predict the likelihood and impact of threats.
- Quantum Access Control
- Applying quantum cryptographic methods to manage access to systems and networks.
- Quantum Attack Simulation
- Testing systems against potential quantum-based attacks to assess their resilience.
- Quantum Authentication
- A future method of verifying identities based on quantum cryptography principles.
- Quantum Computing Threats
- Risks posed by quantum computers breaking traditional encryption.
- Quantum Computing Vulnerabilities
- Security vulnerabilities that arise from the advancement of quantum computing technologies.
- Quantum Consensus Algorithms
- Algorithms that use quantum principles to achieve consensus in distributed systems.
- Quantum Cryptanalysis
- Using quantum computing to break classical cryptographic algorithms.
- Quantum Cryptographic Key Management
- The secure management and exchange of cryptographic keys using quantum cryptography.
- Quantum Cryptography
- A method of encryption that uses principles of quantum mechanics to secure data.
- Quantum Cryptography
- Leveraging quantum mechanics for secure communication.
- Quantum Cryptography
- A cryptographic method that leverages quantum mechanics to create secure communication systems.
- Quantum Distribution Protocols
- Protocols that use quantum mechanics to securely distribute cryptographic keys.
- Quantum Entanglement Security
- Exploring the use of quantum entanglement for creating unbreakable encryption and secure communication.
- Quantum Entanglement in Security
- Exploring entanglement for future cryptographic methods.
- Quantum Key Distribution (QKD)
- A method of secure key exchange using quantum mechanics.
- Quantum Key Distribution (QKD)
- A technique that uses quantum mechanics to securely exchange encryption keys.
- Quantum Key Distribution (QKD)
- Securing keys through quantum mechanics principles.
- Quantum Key Escrow
- Storing quantum-generated keys securely for recovery or audit purposes.
- Quantum Random Number Generators (QRNGs)
- Using quantum mechanics for truly random number generation.
- Quantum Resilience
- The ability of cryptographic systems to resist attacks from quantum computers.
- Quantum Resistance
- The ability of a security system or algorithm to withstand the computational power of quantum computers.
- Quantum Resistant Encryption
- Preparing systems for post-quantum cryptographic challenges.
- Quantum Secure Communication
- Using quantum cryptography to ensure data transmission is secure and tamper-proof.
- Quantum Threat Intelligence
- Gathering and analyzing intelligence on quantum computing threats to cybersecurity.
- Quantum Tokenization
- Using quantum techniques to tokenize sensitive information for added security.
- Quantum-Assisted Security
- Using quantum computing technologies to improve encryption, decryption, and other security measures.
- Quantum-Backed Identity Verification
- Using quantum technology to enhance the verification of identities in secure systems.
- Quantum-Enabled Access Control
- Utilizing quantum cryptography for enhanced control over access to resources and data.
- Quantum-Enabled Firewalls
- Firewalls that utilize quantum computing techniques to enhance data protection and traffic filtering.
- Quantum-Enhanced Security
- Security systems that leverage quantum computing to improve data protection and encryption.
- Quantum-Enhanced Threat Detection
- Using quantum computing techniques to detect security threats more efficiently.
- Quantum-Focused Vulnerability Management
- Identifying and mitigating vulnerabilities in quantum systems and quantum cryptography.
- Quantum-Resilient Networks
- Networks designed to be resistant to threats posed by quantum computing capabilities.
- Quantum-Resistant Algorithms
- Cryptographic methods designed to withstand quantum computing attacks.
- Quantum-Resistant Algorithms for Blockchain
- Algorithms designed to protect blockchain transactions from quantum computer attacks.
- Quantum-Safe Algorithms
- Cryptographic methods resistant to quantum computing attacks.
- Quantum-Safe Cryptography
- Cryptographic techniques designed to remain secure against attacks by quantum computers.
- Quarantine
- Isolating infected files or devices to prevent further damage.
- Quarantine
- The process of isolating suspicious files or systems to prevent further damage or infection.
- Quarantine Area
- A safe space to isolate suspicious files or programs for analysis.
- Quarantine Evaluation
- The process of evaluating quarantined files or systems to determine whether they are safe or malicious.
- Quarantine File Analysis
- The process of analyzing files isolated in quarantine to determine if they pose a security threat.
- Quarantine Management
- Administering isolated systems or files in response to detected threats.
- Quarantine Management Systems
- Systems designed to manage quarantined files, networks, or devices that are potentially compromised.
- Quarantine Network
- A network segment designed to isolate and analyze potentially malicious devices.
- Quarantine Network Segment
- A dedicated network segment used to isolate suspicious or infected systems from the rest of the network.
- Quarantine Reporting Tools
- Tools used to report and track quarantined files or systems to monitor for potential threats.
- Quarantine Systems
- Isolating infected devices to prevent the spread of malware.
- Quarantine Zones
- I
- Quasi-Anonymous
- A state of anonymity that is difficult to link to a specific person but not fully untraceable.
- Quasi-Anonymous Authentication
- A method of authentication that hides some user information, but not fully anonymous.
- Quasi-Anonymous Transactions
- Transactions that provide partial anonymity but still leave traces that could be used for identification.
- Quasi-Encryption
- An encryption method that provides some degree of security but may not be fully robust against modern threats.
- Quasi-Hash
- A term used to describe a hashing algorithm that is not fully secure but provides a level of obfuscation.
- Quasi-Hashing Algorithms
- Cryptographic algorithms that offer some level of security but are weaker than traditional hashing methods.
- Quasi-Secure Systems
- Systems that provide some level of security but are not fully resistant to advanced attacks.
- Quasi-Security Protocols
- Security protocols that are partially secure but may not be sufficient for handling advanced threats.
- Quasi-Static Attacks
- Exploits that leverage infrequent but predictable patterns.
- Query Aggregation Attack
- Exploiting the aggregation of database queries to gain unauthorized access to sensitive data.
- Query Caching
- Storing the results of queries to improve response time and reduce load on systems.
- Query Decryption
- The process of decoding encrypted query data to gain access to sensitive information.
- Query Enumeration
- Identifying database structure through indirect queries.
- Query Filtering
- The process of filtering out malicious or suspicious queries before they are processed by a system.
- Query Flood Attack
- An attack that overloads a system with excessive queries to cause a DoS.
- Query Injection
- Exploiting database queries by injecting malicious input.
- Query Injection
- A type of attack where malicious input is injected into a database query to manipulate the database.
- Query Injection
- Manipulating database or application queries to gain unauthorized access.
- Query Log Poisoning
- Manipulating query logs to insert false or misleading information for malicious purposes.
- Query Logs Analysis
- Reviewing application query logs for security anomalies.
- Query Manipulation Prevention
- Measures designed to stop attackers from altering queries to exploit vulnerabilities.
- Query Optimization Exploits
- Leveraging inefficiencies in query execution for attacks.
- Query Parameter
- A part of a URL used to pass data to a web server, which can sometimes be exploited in injection attacks.
- Query Parameter Filtering
- Preventing attacks by filtering and sanitizing query parameters before they are processed by a system.
- Query Parameter Tampering
- An attack that involves manipulating URL parameters to bypass security controls.
- Query Response Time Optimization
- Reducing the response time for queries to improve system performance and security.
- Query Spoofing
- Manipulating queries to access unauthorized data or systems.
- Query String Tampering
- Modifying query parameters in URLs to bypass restrictions.
- Query System Exploits
- Attacks targeting weaknesses in query systems used in databases or search engines.
- Query Throttling
- Limiting the number of queries to prevent overloading or exploitation.
- Query Time
- The time taken by a system to process and respond to a query, which can be important in detecting anomalies.
- Query Time Optimization
- Improving the efficiency of database query execution to reduce the time and resources required to process queries.
- Query-Based Attacks
- Exploiting vulnerabilities in query processing systems or databases.
- Query-Driven Attack Prevention
- Preventing attacks by analyzing and responding to abnormal query patterns or anomalies in real-time.
- Queue Analysis
- Analyzing queues in a system to identify potential vulnerabilities or inefficiencies that could be exploited.
- Queue Jumping
- An attack that manipulates the priority of network traffic to gain an advantage.
- Queue Management
- Managing data packets and tasks in a system’s queue to ensure efficient processing and prevent exploits.
- Queue Overflow Attack
- Overloading message queues to disrupt operations.
- Queue Poisoning
- Corrupting task queues to disrupt system operations or execute malicious code.
- Queue Sniffing
- Monitoring message queues to intercept or manipulate data.
- Queue-Based Denial of Service (DoS) AttacksQuantum Blockchain Security
- Leveraging quantum principles to secure blockchain technology from future threats.
- Queued Packet Manipulation
- Altering network packets queued for processing to disrupt communications.
- Queued Spam Blocking
- Filtering out malicious emails before they are delivered.
- Quick Access Exploits
- Attacks that aim to bypass security controls for faster system access.
- Quick Assist Threats
- Exploiting remote assistance tools for unauthorized access.
- Quick Fix Engineering (QFE)
- A term used in the context of applying patches or fixes quickly to address critical vulnerabilities.
- Quick Patch Deployment
- Rapid application of critical security updates.
- Quick Patch Management
- The process of rapidly deploying patches to address critical security vulnerabilities.
- Quick Response (QR) Code
- A two-dimensional barcode, often exploited for phishing when tampered.
- Quick Response (QR) Code Exploits
- Embedding malicious links or data within QR codes.
- Quick Response (QR) Code Exploits
- Malicious QR codes redirecting users to harmful sites.
- Quick Response (QR) Code Phishing
- A form of phishing that uses QR codes to redirect victims to malicious websites.
- Quick Response Security Teams
- Specialized cybersecurity teams trained to respond immediately to high-priority security incidents.
- Quick Security Audits
- Fast assessments of security systems to identify vulnerabilities and compliance issues.
- Quick Security Patches
- Rapid release and deployment of security updates to fix known vulnerabilities.
- Quick Security Response
- The ability to react swiftly to a security incident to mitigate damage.
- Quick Threat Identification
- Rapidly identifying emerging security threats using automated detection tools.
- Quick-Fix Security Tools
- Tools designed to rapidly address security flaws and vulnerabilities.
- Quick-Response Security Tools
- Software and tools designed to quickly mitigate security incidents when they arise.
- Quiet Attack
- A stealthy cyberattack designed to avoid detection.
- Quirks Mode
- A state in web browsers where certain web pages are displayed in an abnormal or non-standard way, potentially affecting security.
- Quorum
- The minimum number of participants required to validate a transaction or action, often used in blockchain and cryptography contexts.
- Quorum Validation
- Ensuring that multiple participants or nodes in a network or system agree before an action can be completed.
- Quorum-Based Access Control
- Requiring multiple parties to authorize access to a resource.
- Quorum-Based Authentication
- Requiring agreement from multiple entities to grant access.
- Quorum-Based Encryption
- A method of encrypting data that requires a majority of entities to agree on decryption before access is granted.
- Quorum-Based Integrity Checking
- Ensuring data integrity by requiring consensus from multiple participants in a distributed system.
- Quorum-Based Security
- Ensuring consensus for operations in distributed systems.
R
- RAT (Remote Access Trojan)
- A type of malware that allows an attacker to take control of a system remotely.
- Rainbow Table
- A precomputed table used for cracking password hashes.
- Random Access Memory (RAM) Dump
- Extracting and analyzing the contents of a system’s memory to find sensitive information.
- Randomized Network Protocols
- Designing protocols with random features to resist predictability-based attacks.
- Ransomware
- Malware that locks or encrypts data and demands payment for its release.
- Ransomware
- A type of malware that encrypts a user’s files and demands a ransom to restore access to them.
- Ransomware Decryption Tools
- Tools designed to decrypt files that have been encrypted by ransomware.
- Ransomware Prevention
- Measures taken to prevent ransomware attacks from encrypting critical data.
- Ransomware Protection Tools
- Software designed to detect, prevent, and mitigate ransomware attacks.
- Ransomware Resilience Planning
- Preparing systems to detect, resist, and recover from ransomware.
- Ransomware-as-a-Service (RaaS)
- Renting ransomware tools and services for attacks.
- Ransomware-as-a-Service (RaaS)
- A business model in which attackers rent ransomware tools and infrastructure to other criminals.
- Rapid Patch Deployment
- Quickly applying security patches to close vulnerabilities before they can be exploited.
- Rapid Response
- The ability to quickly identify and mitigate security incidents.
- Read-Only Domain Controller (RODC)
- A domain controller designed to enhance security in remote locations.
- Real-Time Threat Analysis
- Detecting and mitigating attacks as they happen.
- Real-Time Threat Detection
- Identifying security threats as they occur, using advanced monitoring.
- Rebinding Attacks
- Exploiting DNS rebinding to bypass same-origin policies.
- Reckless Behavior Monitoring
- Monitoring for risky user behavior that could lead to a security breach.
- Recon Tool
- A software tool used for reconnaissance during penetration testing.
- Reconnaissance
- The initial phase of a cyberattack where information about the target is gathered.
- Reconnaissance
- The initial phase of an attack where the attacker gathers information about the target, such as IP addresses or open ports.
- Reconnaissance Attack
- Attacks aimed at gathering information about a target before launching a more severe exploit.
- Recovery Plan
- A pre-determined strategy to restore normal operations after a security breach or disaster.
- Recovery Point Objective (RPO)
- The maximum acceptable amount of data loss during an incident.
- Recursive DNS Attack
- An attack that exploits DNS resolvers to flood them with requests, resulting in denial of service.
- Red Team
- A group of security professionals who act as adversaries to test an organization’s defenses.
- Red Team
- A group of ethical hackers that simulate attacks on an organization’s systems to assess vulnerabilities and improve defenses.
- Red Team Operations
- Simulated attacks to test and improve organizational defenses.
- Red Teaming
- Simulating advanced, real-world attacks to test security defenses.
- Red-Teaming Simulations
- Simulated cyberattacks performed by a team to assess the security of an organization.
- Redirection Attack
- Manipulating a URL or DNS to redirect traffic to a malicious site.
- Redirection Attack
- A type of attack where a user’s request is redirected to a malicious website, often through DNS or HTTP redirect.
- Redirection Loop
- A situation where a redirecting link leads to an endless loop, potentially used in attacks to overload resources.
- Redirection Poisoning
- An attack where attackers manipulate the redirection process to mislead users.
- Redundancy
- The practice of having backup systems or data storage to ensure availability in case of failure.
- Redundancy Protocol
- Backup protocols used to ensure continuous service during a failure.
- Redundancy Testing
- Testing backup systems and services to ensure reliability during failure.
- Redundant Firewalls
- Multiple firewalls configured to provide continuous protection in case one fails.
- Registry Hijacking
- Manipulating system registries to execute malicious commands.
- Regular Expression Exploits
- Using crafted inputs to overwhelm regex parsers and crash systems.
- Regular Expression Injection
- Exploiting regex vulnerabilities to cause denial of service or unexpected behavior.
- Regular Patching
- Consistently updating and patching systems to close known security vulnerabilities.
- Regulatory Audit
- A process where an organization’s cybersecurity policies and practices are evaluated for compliance with regulatory standards.
- Regulatory Compliance
- Adhering to laws, regulations, and guidelines regarding data protection and security.
- Reinforced Authentication
- Strengthening authentication processes to improve security against attacks.
- Remediation
- Steps taken to fix vulnerabilities or reduce risk after a security incident.
- Remote Access Management
- Managing who can access systems remotely and how.
- Remote Access Trojan (RAT)
- Malware that provides unauthorized remote access to a victim’s system.
- Remote Access Trojan (RAT)
- Malware granting unauthorized remote control of a victim’s device.
- Remote Access Trojans (RATs)
- Malware providing attackers with control over infected systems.
- Remote Administration Tools (RATs)
- Software used for remote control of systems, often by attackers.
- Remote Code Execution (RCE)
- A vulnerability that allows an attacker to execute code on a remote system.
- Remote Code Execution (RCE)
- Running malicious code on a target system remotely.
- Remote Code Injection
- Executing malicious code on a target system over a network.
- Remote Command Execution (RCE)
- The ability of an attacker to run commands on a target system remotely.
- Remote Control Exploit
- An exploit that allows attackers to gain unauthorized remote control over a system.
- Remote Data Execution
- Running potentially malicious data or code from a remote location to compromise a system.
- Remote Debugging
- Debugging a system remotely, often used by attackers to understand its vulnerabilities.
- Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP)
- A protocol used to remotely access Windows systems, often targeted in cyberattacks.
- Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP) Exploits
- Attacks targeting RDP to gain unauthorized access.
- Remote File Access Control
- Limiting who can access files remotely, such as via network shares or cloud storage.
- Remote File Inclusion (RFI)
- A vulnerability that allows attackers to include a remote file to execute malicious code.
- Remote File Transfer Protocol (FTP) Vulnerabilities
- Security flaws in FTP systems that allow attackers to gain unauthorized access.
- Remote Keylogger
- A malicious software that remotely logs keystrokes to capture sensitive data.
- Remote Monitoring Tools
- Tools used to track or analyze network activity remotely.
- Remote Session Hijacking
- Taking control of an active remote session, usually for malicious purposes.
- Replay Attack
- An attack where valid data is intercepted and reused to gain unauthorized access.
- Replay Attack Prevention
- Security mechanisms designed to prevent the reuse of intercepted data.
- Replay Attack Prevention Mechanism
- A security feature that prevents replay attacks, often involving time-stamping or nonce values.
- Replay Attacks
- Reusing intercepted communications to impersonate legitimate users.
- Replay Protection Mechanisms
- Preventing attackers from reusing captured credentials or data.
- Reputation Check
- A process of verifying the trustworthiness of a website or entity based on past behaviors.
- Reputation Filtering
- A security mechanism that filters out malicious websites or sources based on their reputation.
- Reputation Management
- The practice of monitoring and controlling the perception of an organization or individual, particularly in the context of online activities.
- Reputation Systems
- Systems that evaluate and track the trustworthiness of users, domains, or IP addresses.
- Reputation-Based Filtering
- Blocking traffic from IPs or domains with a bad reputation.
- Reputation-Based Security
- Leveraging known threat reputations to block malicious entities.
- Reputation-Based Security
- A security system that evaluates the trustworthiness of a resource (e.g., website, file) based on its past history.
- Reputation-Based Threat Intelligence
- Using reputation data from previous incidents to block or alert on suspicious entities.
- Resilience
- The ability of a system to continue operating despite an attack or failure.
- Resilience Testing
- Testing a system’s ability to withstand attacks or other disruptive events.
- Resilient Authentication
- Authentication methods designed to withstand various security threats.
- Resilient Backup Solutions
- Ensuring data integrity and availability in the face of cyber threats.
- Resilient Systems
- Systems designed to maintain functionality during and after attacks.
- Resource Allocation Attack
- Attacks designed to exploit or disrupt the allocation of resources in a network or system.
- Resource Exhaustion Attack
- Depleting system resources to cause a denial of service.
- Resource Isolation
- Separating different network or computing resources to prevent cross-contamination from threats.
- Response Plan
- A documented set of procedures to follow when a security breach occurs.
- Restricted Shell Environments
- Limiting command execution to reduce attack surfaces.
- Retina Scan
- A biometric method for identifying individuals by scanning the unique pattern of the retina.
- Reverse Engineering
- Analyzing software to understand its structure, often to find vulnerabilities.
- Reverse Engineering
- The process of deconstructing software or hardware to understand its components, often used to discover vulnerabilities.
- Reverse Proxy Exploits
- Attacking servers or networks through compromised reverse proxies.
- Revoke
- To cancel or invalidate access rights, credentials, or certificates.
- Risk Acceptance
- Deciding not to mitigate or transfer a particular risk, typically due to its low impact or probability.
- Risk Appetite
- The amount of risk an organization is willing to accept in pursuit of its objectives.
- Risk Assessment
- The process of identifying and analyzing potential risks to an organization’s assets.
- Risk Assessment
- The process of identifying, analyzing, and evaluating risks to an organization’s assets, operations, and reputation.
- Risk Assessment Framework
- A structured method for evaluating the risks faced by an organization and developing mitigation strategies.
- Risk Event
- An occurrence that could potentially affect an organization’s security posture.
- Risk Management Framework (RMF)
- A structured process used to assess and manage risks to organizational assets.
- Risk Mitigation
- Actions taken to reduce the impact or likelihood of a threat.
- Risk Mitigation
- The process of implementing controls to reduce the likelihood and impact of identified risks.
- Risk Quantification
- Measuring cybersecurity risks in financial or operational terms.
- Risk Transfer
- The process of transferring risk to another party, such as through insurance or outsourcing.
- Risk-Based Authentication
- Adjusting security measures based on user behavior and context.
- Risk-Based Multi-Factor Authentication
- MFA adjusted based on contextual risk factors.
- Rogue Access Point
- An unauthorized wireless access point that is set up to appear as a legitimate network, often used in man-in-the-middle attacks.
- Rogue Access Point Detection
- Identifying unauthorized wireless access points on a network.
- Rogue Access Points
- Unauthorized wireless access points that compromise network security.
- Rogue Domain Controller
- A domain controller set up without authorization to gain control over a network.
- Rogue Employee
- An internal employee who abuses their access rights to compromise an organization’s security.
- Rogue Malware
- Malicious software that masquerades as legitimate to deceive users into executing it.
- Rogue Node
- A device in a network that behaves maliciously, such as forwarding malicious data.
- Rogue Packet Injection
- An attack where unauthorized packets are injected into a network to exploit vulnerabilities.
- Rogue Software
- Fake programs designed to trick users into installing malware.
- Rogue Software
- Malicious software designed to masquerade as legitimate applications or utilities, often used in scams and frauds.
- Rogue User
- A user who has been granted unauthorized access to a system or network, potentially leading to security breaches.
- Rogue Wireless Device
- An unauthorized wireless device in a network that poses a security risk.
- Role-Based Access Control (RBAC)
- A method of restricting system access based on user roles.
- Role-Based Access Control (RBAC)
- Restricting access based on user roles within an organization.
- Role-Based Authentication
- Authentication systems based on user roles to ensure the correct permissions are applied.
- Role-Based Permissions
- A security method where access rights are granted based on the roles assigned to users.
- Rollback Attack
- Exploiting a vulnerability by forcing a system to revert to an earlier, insecure state.
- Rollback Mechanisms
- Systems that allow recovery from a malicious change by reverting to a previous state.
- Root Access
- The highest level of access in a computer system, often associated with administrative privileges.
- Root Account Exploitation
- Gaining unauthorized access to a system’s root account for malicious purposes.
- Root Cause Analysis
- A method of identifying the underlying cause of a security breach or incident to prevent recurrence.
- Root Cause Mitigation
- Addressing the underlying cause of a security issue to prevent its recurrence.
- Root Certificate Compromise
- The exploitation or theft of a trusted root certificate authority key to issue unauthorized certificates.
- Root User Detection
- Identifying if a system has been compromised through root user privileges.
- Root-Level Access
- Full access to a computer system, allowing for the modification of system settings and files.
- Rootkit
- A set of tools used by attackers to gain and maintain access to a system without detection.
- Rootkit
- A collection of software tools used to hide the presence of malicious activity on a computer or network.
- Rootkit Detection
- Identifying hidden malware embedded in the operating system.
- Rootkit Scanner
- Tools that detect and remove rootkits from compromised systems.
- Router
- A device that forwards data packets between computer networks.
- Runtime Application Self-Protection (RASP)
- Embedding security within applications to detect and block threats.
- Runtime Application Self-Protection (RASP)Reverse Proxy Attacks
- Exploiting proxy servers to manipulate traffic or bypass security.
- Runtime Integrity Monitoring
- Detecting unauthorized changes in applications during execution.
S
- SO/IEC 27001
- An international standard for managing information security.
T
- Tools designed to identify and mitigate the effects of jammJava Archive (JAR) Exploitsing attacks on communication systems.Jammer Detection Systems
- Attacks that target vulnerabilities within JAR files to execute malicious code.
U
- UKI (Kubernetes Key Integrity)
- KA process for ensuring key integrity in Kubernetes environments.
- Using quantum computing techniques to secure communicQuantum Proofingation networks from potential attacks.Quantum Network Security
- The practice of preparing systems and algorithms to withstand future quantum-based attacks.
- ulti-Cloud Environment
- MThe use of multiple cloud computing services from different providers, which can present unique security challenges.
- ulti-Protocol Security
- MSecurity measures that protect communication across multiple protocols, such as HTTP, FTP, and SSH.
V
- VLAN (Virtual Local Area Network)
- A network structure that partitions and isolates segments, enhancing security.
- VM Switch
- KA hardware device that allows control of multiple computers, potentially exploited in cyberattacks.
- Variability in network latency, which can indicate potentialJuice Jacking network congestion or a cyber attack.Jitter
- A cyberattack that targets public USB charging ports to steal data or install malware.
- Vendor Risk Management
- The process of managing risks associated with third-party vendors.
- Verification Code
- A temporary code used to verify identity, commonly sent during multi-factor authentication.
- Version Control
- A system for tracking changes to software, which can have security implications.
- Virtual Machine (VM)
- A software-based emulation of a computer, often used in malware analysis.
- Virtual Private Network (VPN)
- A service that encrypts your internet connection to enhance privacy and security.
- Virtualization
- Creating virtual versions of computing resources, often with security implications.
- Virus
- A type of malware that replicates itself by modifying other programs and inserting its own code.
- Vishing
- A phishing attack conducted over the phone
- Voice Over IP (VoIP)
- A technology that allows phone calls over the internet, susceptible to specific attacks.
- Volatile Data
- Data that is lost when a device is turned off, important in digital forensics.
- Vulnerability
- A flaw or weakness in a system that can be exploited by attackers.
- Vulnerability Assessment
- The process of identifying, quantifying, and prioritizing vulnerabilities in a system.
- verflow Attack
- OA type of attack, such as a buffer overflow, where the attacker overflows the data storage buffer.
W
- WT Manipulation
- JAltering JSON Web Tokens to gain unauthorized access.
- Whitelist
- A list of approved and trusted entities, as opposed to a blacklist.
- Worm
- A type of malware that spreads copies of itself without requiring user intervention.
X
Y
Z
Weaknesses in mobile apps that can be exploited by attackers to gain unauthorized access or control over th